nomisma.org: Browse

Uncertain Mint 5

Definition: Uncertain Mint 5, in Cappadocia, Eastern Syria, or Northern Mesopotamia
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 25

Definition: Uncertain Mint 25, Far Eastern, perhaps on the Bactrian Periphery
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 31

Definition: Uncertain Mint 31, probably in Northern Mesopotamia
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Seleucus III Ceraunus

Definition: Seleucus III Soter ("the Savior"), nicknamed Ceraunus ("the Thunderbolt") was the fifth king of the Seleucid Empire. He was named Alexander at birth but assumed the dynastic name Seleucus when he succeeded his father Seleucus II in 225 BC. He was assassinated in 233 BC while campaigning to regain Asia Minor from Attalus I of Pergamum.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 40

Definition: Uncertain Mint 40, probably in Commagene
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 24

Definition: Uncertain Mint 24, in Mesopotamia, or perhaps farther East
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 11

Definition: Uncertain Mint 11, in Drangiana or Western Arachosia (Kritt's "Mint W")
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Antiochus VII Euergetes

Definition: Antiochus VII Euergetes ("the Benefactor"), nicknamed Sidetes ("the Sidetan" after Side, a city in Asia Minor where he had once resided), was the king of the Seleucid Empire, reigning from 138 to 129 BC. After repressing the usurper Tryphon at the beginning of his reign, Antiochus VII consolidated his authority in Syria and Coele Syria before embarking on a grand campaign to restore the eastern territories of the empire that had fallen to the Arsacid Parthians. The king reclaimed Mesopotamia, Babylonia, and Media, but was ambushed and killed with the bulk of his army during a Parthian-supported uprising in Media in the winter of 130–129 BC.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 38

Definition: Uncertain Mint 38, Western
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 15

Definition: Uncertain Mint 15, probably in Drangiana or Western Arachosia
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 57

Definition: Uncertain Mint 57, in Phrygia, perhaps Synnada
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Babylon I

Definition: Babylon I, the "Imperial" Workshop
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Seleucid Dynasty

Definition: The Seleucid Dynasty was founded in 312 B.C. by one of Alexander the Great's generals, Seleucid I Nicator, after the empire was split between the Diodochi. The Seleucid Dynasty ruled over much of Alexander's eastern domain, from Anatolia to (at it's greatest extent) Bactria. The dynasty finally collapsed to the rising Roman hegemony in the East in 63 B.C.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 69

Definition: Uncertain Mint 69, perhaps Identical with Uncertain Mint 68
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 45

Definition: Uncertain Mint 45, probably in Mesopotamia
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Seleucus IV Philopator

Definition: Seleucus IV Philopator ("Father-loving") was the eldest son of Antiochus III and succeeded him as the seventh king of the Seleucid Empire. He reigned from 187 to 175 BC, during which time he formed alliances in Asia Minor and Macedon in order to restore Seleucid influence curtailed by the Peace of Apamea. He was assassinated by his chief minister, Heliodorus, in 175 BC.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 10

Definition: Uncertain Mint 10, probably in Drangiana
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 46

Definition: Uncertain Mint 46, in the Hellespont
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 48

Definition: Uncertain Mint 48, in the Meander Valley, perhaps Tralles
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 59

Definition: Uncertain Mint 59, Military Mint in Coele Syria
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Attalid Dynasty

Definition: The Attalid dynasty was a Hellenistic dynasty that ruled the city of Pergamon after the death of Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great. The Attalid kingdom was the rump state left after the collapse of the Lysimachian Empire. One of Lysimachus' officers, Philetaerus, took control of the city in 282 BC. The later Attalids were descended from his father and they expanded the city into a kingdom. Attalus I proclaimed himself King in the 230s BC, following his victories over the Galatians. The Attalids ruled Pergamon until Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic in 133 BC to avoid a likely succession crisis.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 68

Definition: Uncertain Mint 68, in Northern Mesopotamia
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 72

Definition: Uncertain Mint 72, Barbarous Imitations of Seleucia Bronzes
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 54

Definition: Uncertain Mint 54, in Western Asia Minor, perhaps in Northern Ionia
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 66

Definition: Uncertain Mint 66, probably in Eastern Syria or Northern Mesopotamia near the Euphrates
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 33

Definition: Uncertain Mint 33, probably Far Eastern
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 35

Definition: Uncertain Mint 35, Imitating Seleucus II Portrait of Sardes, probably in Lydia
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 6

Definition: Uncertain Mint 6, in Cappadocia, Eastern Syria, or Northern Mesopotamia
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 73

Definition: Uncertain Mint 73, Military Mint associated with Ecbatana
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 71

Definition: Uncertain Mint 71, perhaps Seleucia on the Tigris or a Subsidiary
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 28

Definition: Uncertain Mint 28, Western, probably in Syria or Northern Mesopotamia
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Uncertain Mint 63

Definition: Uncertain Mint 63, in Southern Coele Syria
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Prosius Tertullianus

Definition: Legatus Augusti pro praetore in Moesia. He appears by name only on coins from Marcianopolis/Moesia inferior during the reign of Gordianus III and Tranquillina AD 241-244. Lit.: B. E. Thomasson, Laterculi Praesidum I (1984) p. 144 no. 134; PIR VI² (1998) 428 no. 1015 s. v. Prosius; W. Leschhorn, Lexikon der Aufschriften auf griechischen Münzen II (2009) 838.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Marcus Pontius Sabinus

Definition: Legatus Augusti pro praetore provinciae Thraciae. Appears with title of hegemon on coins from Philippopolis in Thrace during the reign of Antoninus Pius (AD 138-161) between AD 145 and 153. Consul suffectus in AD 153. Later, in AD 159/160 he was administering Moesia superior. Lit.: B. E. Thomasson, Laterculi Praesidum I (1984) pp. 164-165 no. 23; PIR VI² (1998) no. 822 s. v. Pontius; W. Leschhorn, Lexikon der Aufschriften auf griechischen Münzen II (2009) p. 796.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Coin collections of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)

Definition: The Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) owns roughly 30.000 coins and medals, ranging from Greek and Roman specimens to modern currencies. These originate from various sources, such as the collections of Gerlach, Heerdegen, Luthart, Pick, Sinugowitz, Varnhagen, Voit von Salzburg, Will, Zucker, as well as the items of the “Ilse und Ulrich Zwicker Stiftung”. The Will collection, consisting of about 12.000 pieces, and the Zwicker foundation with its approx. 11.000 objects, make roughly two thirds of the whole lot. The eldest collection was composed by Friedrich Voit von Salzburg between 1845 and 1858. The most recent accession, the objects of the “Ilse und Ulrich Zwicker Stiftung”, took place at the beginning of this century. The chronological and regional emphasis of the coins differs by each collection with a particular focus on antiquity, from the Greek and Romans until the end of the Byzantine times.
Type: Collection, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Coin Collection of Ruhr-Universität Bochum

Definition: The Numismatic Collection of History Institute of the Faculty of History of the Ruhr-University Bochum consists of more than 3,400 objects covering the whole of Antiquity, from the Archaic Age of Greece to the Byzantine period. In addition, it includes a small Late Mediaeval hoard, which was discovered in Querenburg in 1966 in the course of the construction of the University.
Type: Collection, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Gaius Gallonius Fronto

Definition: Legatus augusti pro praetore provinciae Thraciae under Antoninus Pius during AD 150ies. He appears with his title of Hegemon on coins of Philippopolis. Lit.: B. E. Thomasson, Laterculi Praesidum I (1984) 166 no. 24; ibid. Addenda (2011) no. 22:024; PIR² G 50.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Schongau

Definition: The mint(s) at the City of Schongau, region of Upper Bavaria (German: Oberbayern), National State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern), Germany.
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Passau

Definition: The mint(s) at the City of Passau, region of Lower Bavaria (German: Niederbayern), National State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern), Germany.
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Gaius Papius Gaii filius Mutilus

Definition: C. Papius C.f. Mutilus, from a Samnite family, was a general in the Social War. He issued coins with his name sometimes with the additional title of imperator (90-88 BC). Lit.: N. K. Rutter, Historia Numorum Italy (2001) p. 57; Der Neue Pauly IX (2000) 295 s. v. Papius no. I 4 (K.-L. Elvers).
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Gaius Iulius Bassus

Definition: Consul suffectus in AD 99. Proconsul of Bithynia and Pontus AD 101/102. His name and title (in Greek) appear on coin issued on behalf of the Koinon of Bithynia. Lit.: PIR² I 205; G. Stumpf, Numismatische Studien zur Chronologie der römischen Statthalter in Kleinasien 122 v. Chr.-163 n. Chr. (1991) pp. 278-280; W. Leschhorn, Lexikon der Aufschriften auf griechischen Münzen II (2009) p. 405.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Martin von Wagner Museum der Universität Würzburg

Definition: The Coin cabinet in the Martin von Wagner Museum (Würzburg University Museum). The Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg (JMU) holds about 1.200 coins, medals and para-numismatic objects from the 7th BCE to modern times with a focus on Greek and Roman coins. Due to the near complete destruction in World War II the coin cabinet in the Martin von Wagner Museum (MvW) is mainly build by donations after 1945 and by a few selected acquisitions. The most important of those donations is the Coll. H. Wellhöfer – c. 400 classical Greek coins with an emphasis on iconography and aesthetics.
Type: Collection, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Numismatic Collection of the Professorship for Ancient History at the University of Passau

Definition: The Numismatic Collection of the Professorship for Ancient History at the University of Passau contains 377 coins, covering nearly the whole of ancient Numismatic History, from the Archaic Age of Greece to Late Antiquity and the Byzantine Age, with a focus on the coins of the Roman emperors. The beginning of the collection is connected with Prof. Dr. H. Wolff, who was holder of the chair for Ancient History from 1980 to 2006. His successor, Prof. Dr. O. Stoll (since 2007), was able to purchase and acquire additional coins, so that the collection reached its contemporary content in 2015. The Professorship is – due to missing financial aid by the university – not able to purchase additional coins.
Type: Collection, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Pactye

Definition: The mint at the ancient site of Paktye in Thrace.
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Ariobarzanid Dynasty

Definition: The Ariobarzanid Dynasty succeeded the Ariarathid Dynasty as kings of Cappadocia, starting with Ariobarzanes I (95 B.C.) and ending with the execution of Ariarathes X by Mark Antony in 36 B.C.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Ptolemaic Dynasty

Definition: The Ptolemaic dynasty, sometimes also known as the Lagids or Lagidae (Lagidai, after Lagus, Ptolemy I's father), was a Macedonian Greek royal family, which ruled the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt during the Hellenistic period. Their rule lasted for 275 years, from 305 to 30 BC. They were the last dynasty of ancient Egypt.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Ariarathid Dynasty

Definition: The Ariarathid Dynasty was founded by Ariarathes I, the first ruler of the Kingdom of Cappadocia (331 B.C.). It ended with the reign of Ariarathes IX in 95 B.C., when he was succeeded by Ariobarzanes I.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Agiad Dynasty

Definition: The Agiad Dynasty was a line of kings of Lacedaemon (Sparta), named after its second king, Agis I.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Antigonid Dynasty

Definition: The Antigonid Dynasty was a dynasty of Hellenistic kings descended from Alexander the Great's general Antigonus I Monophthalmus ("the One-eyed"), ruling over Macedonia and surrounding areas from about 306 to 168 B.C.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Mithradatic Dynasty

Definition: The Mithridatic dynasty, also known as the Pontic dynasty, was a hereditary dynasty of Persian origin, founded by Mithridates I Ktistes (Mithridates III of Cius) in 281 BC. The origins of the dynasty were located in the highest circles of the ruling Persian nobility in Cius.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Aeacid Dynasty

Definition: With mythological roots tying it to the Greek descendants of Aeacus, including Peleus and Achilles, the dynasty coalesced into a historic line of Molossian kings of Epirus beginning with Admetus (490 B.C.) and ending with Deidamia (died 233 B.C.), daughter of Pyrrhus II.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Ptolemaic Empire

Definition: The Ptolemaic Empire was a Hellenistic kingdom based in Egypt. It was ruled by the Ptolemaic dynasty, which started with Ptolemy I Soter's accession after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and which ended with the death of Cleopatra VII and the Roman conquest in 30 BC.
Type: Organization, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Kingdom of Macedonia

Definition: Macedonia or Macedon was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, and later the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece. The kingdom was founded and initially ruled by the royal Argead dynasty, which was followed by the Antipatrid and Antigonid dynasties.
Type: Organization, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Kingdom of Paeonia

Definition: In antiquity, Paeonia or Paionia was the land and kingdom of the Paeonians. The exact original boundaries of Paeonia, like the early history of its inhabitants, are obscure, but it is known that it was located immediately north of ancient Macedonia (which corresponded roughly to the modern Greek region of Macedonia), and to the south-east of Dardania (which was similar to modern-day Kosovo); in the east were the Thracian mountains, and in the west, the Illyrians.
Type: Organization, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Kingdom of Epirus

Definition: Epirus was an ancient Greek state, located in the geographical region of Epirus in the western Balkans. The homeland of the ancient Epirotes was bordered by the Aetolian League to the south, Thessaly and Macedonia to the east, and Illyrian tribes to the north.
Type: Organization, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Kingdom of Bithynia

Definition: The Kingdom of Bithynia was formed within the historical region of Bithynia, in the northwest of Asia Minor, adjoining the Propontis, the Thracian Bosporus and the Euxine Sea. Founded by the late 4th century B.C., it rose to prominence among the lesser kingdoms of Anatolia under the reign of Nicomedes I (c. 278 - 255 B.C.). The kingdom was finally bequeathed to the Roman Republic in 74 B.C. by Nicomedes IV.
Type: Organization, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Kingdom of Pontus

Definition: The Kingdom of Pontus or Pontic Empire was a state founded by the Persian Mithridatic dynasty, which may have been directly related to Darius the Great and the Achaemenid dynasty. The kingdom was proclaimed by Mithridates I in 281 BCE and lasted until its conquest by the Roman Republic in 63 BCE. It reached its largest extent under Mithridates VI the Great, who conquered Colchis, Cappadocia, Bithynia, the Greek colonies of the Tauric Chersonesos, and for a brief time the Roman province of Asia.
Type: Organization, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Kingdom of Cappadocia

Definition: The Kingdom of Cappadocia was a Hellenistic-era Iranian kingdom centered in the historical region of Cappadocia in Asia Minor. It developed from the former Achaemenid satrapy of Cappadocia, and it was founded by its last satrap, Ariarathes (later Ariarathes I). Throughout its history, it was ruled by three families in succession; the House of Ariarathes (331-96 BC), the House of Ariobarzanes (96 BC-36 BC), and lastly that of Archelaus (36 BC-17 AD). In 17 AD, following the death of Archelaus, during the reign of Roman emperor Tiberius (14-37), the kingdom was incorporated as a Roman province.
Type: Organization, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Ptolemy VI Philometor

Definition: Ptolemy VI Philometor was a king of Egypt from the Ptolemaic period. He reigned from 180 to 145 BC.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Ptolemy V Epiphanes

Definition: Ptolemy V Epiphanes (reigned 204–181 BC), son of Ptolemy IV Philopator and Arsinoe III of Egypt, was the fifth ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Ptolemy III Euergetes

Definition: Ptolemy III Euergetes (reigned 246–222 BC) was the third king of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Cleopatra I Syra

Definition: Cleopatra I Syra was a princess of the Seleucid Empire, Queen of Ptolemaic Egypt by marriage to Ptolemy V of Egypt, and regent of Egypt during the minority of their son, Ptolemy VI, from her husband’s death in 180 BC until her own death in 176 BC.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Arsinoe II

Definition: Arsinoë II (316 BC – unknown date between July 270 and 260 BC) was a Ptolemaic Queen and co-regent of Ancient Egypt. She was Queen of Thrace, Asia Minor and Macedonia by marriage to King Lysimachus, and queen and co-ruler of Egypt with her brother-husband Ptolemy II Philadelphus.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Ptolemy II Philadelphus

Definition: Ptolemy II Philadelphus was the king of Ptolemaic Egypt from 283 to 246 BCE. He was the son of the founder of the Ptolemaic kingdom Ptolemy I Soter and Berenice, and was educated by Philitas of Cos.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Pyrrhus

Definition: Pyrrhus was a Greek general and statesman of the Hellenistic period. He was king of the Greek tribe of Molossians, of the royal Aeacid house (from c. 297 BC), and later he became king of Epirus (r. 306–302, 297–272 BC). He was one of the strongest opponents of early Rome.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Hieron II

Definition: Hieron II was the Greek Sicilian Tyrant of Syracuse from 270 to 215 BC, and the illegitimate son of a Syracusan noble, Hierocles, who claimed descent from Gelon. He was a former general of Pyrrhus of Epirus and an important figure of the First Punic War.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Mithradates VI

Definition: As son of Mithradates V and Laodice VI he was born c. 134 BC in Sinope. From c. 120 until his death in 63 BC he ruled the Pontic kingdom. Because of his growing influence in Asia Minor he came in conflict with Rome, and as a consequence the balance of power in the Eastern Mediterranean was newly defined by the three "Mithradatic wars". In the course of these wars he issued rich currency. Also he is attested as first magistrate in Athens in 87/86 BC, explicitly identified as the Pontic king by the addition ΒΑΣΙΛΕ(υς): See M. Thompson, The New Style Silver Coinage of Athens (1961) nos. 1143-1146 / her issue 76 (p. 575); C. Habicht, Zu den Münzmagistraten der Silberprägung des Neuen Stils, Chiron 21, 1991, pp. 6 and 12 (87/86 BC, his issue 78); Prosopographia Attica 10186 and 10187; W. Leschhorn, Lexikon der Aufschriften auf griechischen Münzen II (2009) 687 s. v. Mithradates.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Attalus I

Definition: Attalus I, surnamed Soter ruled Pergamon, an Ionian Greek polis (what is now Bergama, Turkey), first as dynast, later as king, from 241 BC to 197 BC.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Patraus

Definition: Patraus (340 BC – 315 BC) was an ancient Paeonian king. It has been proposed that Ariston, who notably served as a cavalry general to Alexander the Great, was Patraus' brother.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Lachares

Definition: Lachares was one of the most influential leaders in Athens in the late 4th and early 3rd centuries B.C., after democracy had been re-established by Demetrius Poliorcetes. He was afterwards secretly gained over by Cassander, who incited him to aim at the acquisition of the tyranny, hoping to be able through his means to rule Athens.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Euagoras I

Definition: Evagoras or Euagoras was the king of Salamis (411–374 BC) in Cyprus, known especially from the work of Isocrates, who presents him as a model ruler.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Antiochus XIII Asiaticus

Definition: Antiochus XIII Philadelphus ("Brother-loving"), nicknamed Asiaticus ("the Asiatic," referring to his sojourn in Asia Minor during the Armenian occupation of Syria) was the twenty-third and last king of the Seleucid Empire. He ruled a state that was little more than Antioch and its environs first from 69/8 to 67 BC and again briefly in 65/4 BC. Antiochus XIII was installed on the throne by the Roman general L. Licinius Lucullus after the withdrawal of Tigranes II of Armenia from Syria. By 67 BC, however, the king faced a popular revolt and was captured by the Emesan dynast Sampsiceramus. He was replaced as king by Philip II, a son of Philip I, but seems to have returned to power in 65/4 BC. He was deposed by Popmpey, who made Syria a Roman province.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Antiochus XI Epiphanes Philadelphus

Definition: Antiochus XI Epiphanes Philadelphus ("God Manifest, Brother-loving") was twentieth king of the Seleucid Empire, reigning in Syria only for part of 94/3 BC. He was the son of Antiochus VIII and Tryphaena and brother of Seleucus VI, Demetrius III, and Philip I. After the death of Seleucus VI (94 BC), Antiochus XI and Philip I jointly proclaimed themselves kings and destroyed Mopsus in revenge. In 94/3 BC, Antiochus XI marched against Antiochus X in Antioch but suffered defeat in battle. He managed to escape capture, but drowned while trying to cross the Orontes River.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Cleopatra Selene

Definition: Cleopatra Selene ("Moon") reigned jointly with her young son Antiochus XIII Philometor ("Mother-loving") in the environs of Damascus from c. 83/2 to sometime before 75 BC. Celopatra Selene was was a Ptolemaic princess who was married in sequence to Antiochus VIII, Antiochus IX, and Antiochus X. She had two sons by Antiochus X: Antiochus XIII and an unknown brother whose name may have been Seleucus. The extent of her power in Syria is very much unclear. In 75 BC, Cleopatra sent both her sons to Rome to press a claim to Ptolemaic Egypt, but this was denied. They seem to have been making their way home through Asia Minor when Tigranes II of Armenia invaded Syria and captured their mother in c. 69 BC. Cleopatra Selene was imprisoned at Seleucia (Zeugma) and ultimately killed.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Antiochus VIII Grypus

Definition: Antiochus VIII Epiphanes ("God Manifest"), nicknamed Grypus ("Hook-nosed"), was the sixteenth king of the Seleucid Empire, ruling between 121/0 and 97/6 BC. The stability of the early years of his sole reign was shattered in 114/3 BC by the arrival of his half-brother, Antiochus IX, and the conflict that followed. Much territory and many cities frequently changed hands between the two until 109 BC, when Antiochus VIII had again regained much of his former possessions, leaving Antiochus IX only scattered cities. Antiochus VIII was assassinated by Heracleon, his war minister, in 96 BC, but his killer was no match for Antiochus IX, who briefly became sole ruler of the diminished Seleucid state.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Philip I Epiphanes Philadelphus

Definition: Philip I Epiphanes Philadelphus ("God Manifest, Brother-loving") was the twenty-second king of the Seleucid Empire, reigning from c. 94/3 to perhaps 76/5 BC. A brother of Seleucus VI, Antiochus XI, and Demetrius III, Philip I ruled jointly with Antiochus XI in Cilicia in 94/3 BC. By 94/3 BC, Antiochus XI was dead and Philip I controlled parts of northern Syria. He was besieged at Beroea by Demetrius III in 88/7 BC, but the siege was lifted when Demetrius was captured by Philip's Parthian allies. Philip I subsequently ruled from Antioch and briefly managed to sieze Damascus from Antiochus XII. The ancient sources are unclear about the fate of Philip I, but he seems to have died by 76/5 BC.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Ariobarzanes I

Definition: Ariobarzanes I Philoromaios ("Friend of the Romans") alternated with Ariarathes IX as ruler of Cappadocia between 95 and 85 BC. He was usually deposed by Tigranes II of Armenia as an ally of Mithradates VI of Pontus only to be restored by Roman generals. Between 83 and 67 BC he was also driven out of Cappadocia by the Armenian and Pontic kings. Ariobarzanes I was restored by the Romans for the last time in 66 BC. Three years later he abdicated in favor of his son, Ariobarzanes II.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Young Antiochus Epiphanes

Definition: The young Antiochus Epiphanes ("God Manifest") was an obscure Seleucid child-king who appears on Antioch coins struck in 128 B.C. It is unclear whether coins with his portrait were intended to represent an exceptionally juvenile Antiochus VIII or another ephemeral king.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Cleopatra Thea

Definition: Cleopatra Thea Eueteria ("the Goddess of the Fruitful Season") was a Seleucid queen who ruled alongside her various husbands and son between 150 and 121 BC. She was the daughter of Ptolemy VI who married Alexander I in 150 BC, but after the souring of the relationship between her father and the usurper she was married to Alexander's nemesis, the young Demetrius II in 145 BC. This marriage lasted until Demetrius was captured by the Parthians in 139 BC. When his brother, Antiochus VII, arrived in Syria in the following year Cleopatra married him to maintain her grip on power and to lend him legitimacy. She appears to have orchestrated the death of Demetrius II at the end of his failed second reign and may have ruled briefly in her own right in 125 BC before establishng a co-regency with her young son Antiochus VIII. This came to an end in 121 BC, when he forced her to drink a cup of poison that she had intended for him.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Demetrius III Philopator

Definition: Demetrius III Philopator Soter ("Father-loving Savior"), nicknamed Eucaerus ("the Well-timed"), was the twenty-first king of the Seleucid Empire, ruling in Damascus from 97/6 to 88/7 BC. A brother of Seleucus VI, Antiochus XI, and Philip I, Demetrius III was installed in Damascus by Ptolemy IX as a means of denying the city to both Antiochus IX and the Nabatean Arabs. He fought an unsuccessful war against the Hasmonean Jewish king, Alexander Jannaeus, but made inroads into northern Syria. In 88 BC, Demetrius III besieged Philip I, in Beroea. The siege was abruptly lifted when Demetrius was captured by Philip's Parthian allies. He died in captivity shortly thereafter.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Antiochus VI Dionysus

Definition: Antiochus VI Dionysus was the thirteenth king of the Seleucid Empire, reigning from 144 to c. 142 BC. This young son of Alexander I was proclaimed king by the Seleucid general Diodotus (Tryphon) in opposition to Demetrius II in 144 BC. His center of power was initially at Chalcis by Belus, but soon took control of Apamea. With the support of the disaffected military forces around that city, Antiochus VI and Tryphon forced Demetrius out of Antioch in 143 BC. The influence of Antiochus VI expanded further into Cilicia, Coele Syria, and Phoenicia in c. 142 BC, before he suddenly died under mysterious circumstances and Diodotus assumed the kingship in his own name.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Ariarathes VII

Definition: Ariarathes VII Philometor ("Mother-loving") ruled the kingdom of Cappadocia from c. 116 to 100 BC. This young son of Ariarathes VI reigned with his mother, Laodice, as regent--a situation that led to instability. In c. 105 BC, Nicomedes III of Bithynia invaded Cappadocia and married Laodice in an attempt to gain the regency over Ariarathes VII. He and Laodice were driven out by Mithradates VI of Pontus, who placed Ariarathes VII on the throne as sole ruler of Cappadocia. However, like his father, Ariarathes VII came to resent Pontic influence. He riased an army against Mithradates VI, but was assassinated when he accepted and invitation to a conference with the Pontic king.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Ariarathes VI

Definition: Ariarathes VI Epiphanes Philopator ("God Manifest, Father-loving") ruled the kingdom of Cappadocia between c. 130 and 116 BC. He was the youngest of the six sons of Ariarates V and Nysa and the only one to survive the plotting of his murderous mother. He swept to power during a popular uprising that overthrew Nysa, but he was a weak ruler and became a virtual puppet of Mithradates V of Pontus. As he grew older, he was increasingly disinclined to accept Pontic interference in the affairs of his kingdom. He was subsequently assassinated in 116 BC by a Cappadocian noble at the instigation of Mithradates VI of Pontus.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Demetrius I Soter

Definition: Demetrius I Soter ("the Savior") was the eleventh king of the Seleucid Empire, ruling from 162 to 150 BC. He was sent to Rome as a hostage for the good behavior of his uncle, Antiochus IV, but escaped back to Syria in 162 BC. After disposing of Antiochus V and the regent Lysias, Demetrius I put down the usurpation of Timarchus in 160 BC and successfully fought against the Maccabean Jewish rebels in southern Coele Syria. He further upset the balance of power in Asia Minor by dethroning Ariarathes V of Cappadocia. His many enemies advanced the claims of Alexander I, a supposed son of Antiochus IV, as rightful Seleucid king in 152 BC. After several years of conflict between the two for control of Syria, Demetrius was killed in battle in 150 BC.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Antiochus, Son of Seleucus IV

Definition: Antiochus, the son of Seleucus IV, was the eighth king of the Seleucid Empire, ruling briefly under the regency of his mother, Laodice IV, in the autumn of 175 BC. When his uncle, Antiochus IV, arrived in Syria in October/November of 175 BC he adopted the boy king and associated him in his own rule. This state of affairs survived only a few years until 170 BC, when Antiochus IV ordered the execution of his nephew.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Ariarathes IX

Definition: Ariarathes IX Eusebes Philopator ("Pious, Father-loving"), the nine-year-old son of Mithradates VI of Pontus, was placed on the throne of Cappadocia in c. 100 BC to serve as his father's puppet. He was deeply unpopular with the Cappadocians and was soon driven out by Ariarathes VIII. The superior forces of Mithradates VI restored Ariarathes IX to power in c. 95 BC, only to have him immediately deposed by the Romans. He was restored several times between 95 and 85 BC in opposition to the Roman-supported Ariobarzanes I. Mithradates VI removed Ariarathes IX from the Cappadocian throne in 85 BC under the peace terms that ended the First Mithradatic War (89-85 BC).
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Demetrius II Nicator

Definition: Demetrius II Theos Nicator ("the God [and] Victor") was the twelfth king of the Seleucid Empire who experienced two distinct periods of rule. His first reign took place between 146 and 138 BC. In 146 BC, at the age of thirteen, Demetrius II arrived in Syria with a mercenary army intent on overthrowing his father's killer, Alexander I. Demetrius II was successful in this endeavor but alienated much of Syria by quelling riots in Antioch through massacre and by preferring foreign mercenaries to the established Seleucid army. A Seleucid commander named Diodotus proclaimed Antiochus VI, the young son of Alexander I, as rival king and forced Demetrius II out of Antioch. Unable to crush his enemies in Syria and faced with the advance of the Arsacid Parthians into Babylonia, Demetrius II marched to war against the Parthian king Mithradates I. Despite early successes, Demetrius II was defeated and captured in 139 BC. He subsequently lived in honorable captivity at the Parthian court until 129 BC, when he was released. The freed king returned to Antioch and resumed the great unpopularity that had plagued his first reign. His involvement in the conflict between Cleopatra II and Ptolemy VII of Egypt caused the latter to raise a pretender, Alexander II, against him. Demetrius II was defeated near Damascus in 125 BC. He fled to his wife, Cleopatra Thea, at Ptolemais (Ake), but she barred the doors against him. Demetrius II then attempted to find safety at Tyre, but he was killed by the city guards, perhaps on Cleopatra's orders.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Seleucus VI Epiphanes

Definition: Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nicator ("God Manifest, Victor") was the eighteenth king of the Seleucid Empire, ruling from 96 to 94 BC. In 96 BC, Seleucus VI defeated and killed his uncle, Antiochus IX, in battle, but managed to hold Antioch and Syria only briefly before he was driven out by Antiochus X, the son of Antiochus IX, in the following year. Seleucus VI fled to Mopsuestia where he attempted to raise a new army, but his financial exactions sparked rebellion in the city and he was burned alive by the mob in 94 BC.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Antiochus V Eupator

Definition: Antiochus V Eupator ("Nobly-fathered") was the tenth king of the Seleucid Empire who ruled from 164 to 162 BC. Upon the death of Antiochus IV, his nine-year-old son, Antiochus V, was proclaimed king by the regent Lysias. In 164 BC, a struggle over the regency developed after the dying Antiochus IV named Philip, one of his Friends, as the regent for Antiochus V. Although Philip managed to take Antioch, he was killed by Lysias before he could take possession of the boy king. War almost broke out between Rome and Antiochus V in 162 BC, when a Roman legate charged with destroying the Seleucid fleet and its elephant corps was murdered. The situation was defused later tht year by the arrival of Demetrius I, a son of Seleucus IV, who captured Antiochus V and Lysias and ordered their deaths.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Antiochus X Eusebes Philopator

Definition: Antiochus X Eusebes Philopator ("Pious, Father-loving") was the nineteenth king of the Seleucid Empire, reigning from c. 94 BC probably until c. 88 BC. Proclaiming himself king at Aradus, Antiochus X avenged his father, Antiochus IX, by driving Seleucus IV out of Syria in 94 BC. Antiochus X was almost immediately challenged by Seleucus' brother, Antiochus XI, but defeated him near Antioch. The subsequent history of his reign is obscure.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Antiochus IX Cyzicenus

Definition: Antiochus IX Eusebes Philopator ("Pious, Father-loving"), nicknamed Cyzicenus ("the Cyzicene" after Cyzicus, a city in Asia Minor where he had been raised), was the seventeenth king of the Seleucid Empire, ruling between 114/3 and 95 BC. Although he managed to expel his half-brother, the reigning Antiochus VIII, in 114/3 BC, Antiochus IX gradually lost ground over the years that followed until he retained only a handful of cities in Cilicia, Phoenicia, and Coele Syria in 109 BC. When Antiochus VIII was assassinated in 96 BC, Antiochus IX siezed his former territory. In 95 BC, Seleucus VI, an avenging son of Antiochus VIII, invaded Syria and killed him.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Timarchus

Definition: Timarchus was appointed satrap (governor) of Media by Antiochus IV in c. 175 BC. When the king died in 164 BC, he became a virtually independent ruler in his satrapy. Timarchus actively opposed Demetrius I and in 162 BC proclaimed himself as a rival king with the recognition of Rome. Although he managed to expand his kingdom into Babylonia, Timarchus was defeated and killed by Demetrius I in 161 BC.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Antiochus XII Dionysus

Definition: Antiochus XII Dionysus Epiphanes Philopator Callinicus ("Dionysus Manifest, Father-loving, Nobly-victorious") was the twenty-second king of the Seleucid Empire, reigning from 87/6 to 83/2 BC. A brother of Seleucus VI, Demetrius III, Antiochus XI, and Philip I, Antiochus XII succeeded Demetrius III at Damascus after Demetrius III was carried off by the Parthians. He made no attempt to expand his power into northern Syria, but concentrated his energies on wars against the Nabataen Arabs and the Jewish priest-king, Alexander Jannaeus. Antiochus XII was killed while campaigning against the Nabataeans in 83/2 BC and his army left to die of hunger in the desert wasteland around the Dead Sea. Aretas III, the Nabataean king, was subsequently invited to rule Damascus.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Alexander I Balas

Definition: Alexander I Theopator Euergetes ("Divinely-fathered Benefactor"), nicknamed Balas ("Lord"), was the twelfth king of the Seleucid Empire, ruling from 152 to 145 BC. Alexander I was a supposed son of Antiochus IV supported by Attalus II of Pergamum and Ptolemy VI of Egypt as a rival claimant to the Seleucid throne against Demetrius I. In 152 BC, Alexander I arrived at Ptolemais (Ake) and established his base there. He controled Apamea by 152/1 BC and in 150 BC defeated and killed Demetrius I. Shortly thereafter, Alexander I married Cleopatra Thea, the daughter of Ptolemy VI in order to seal an alliance with her father. Things began to fall apart in 148 and 147 BC, when Susa and Media were lost to Parthian and local kings and Demetrius II arrived in Syria to avenge his father, Demetrius I. Unfortunately, Alexander I had alienated his father-in-law by plotting against him, and therefore Ptolemy VI supported Demetrius II. Alexander I was forced to flee to Cilicia, where he raised an army to wage war against Demetrius II and Ptolemy VI. When he returned to Syria in 145 BC he was defeated in battle by Ptolemy VI. Alexander I escaped and attempted to find safety among the Arabs, but was assassinated instead.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Tryphon

Definition: Tryphon ("Magnificent") was the pseudonym taken by the Seleucid commander Diodotus after he calimed the kingship at the death of Antiochus VI (c. 142 BC). He ruled in opposition to both Demetrius II and Antiochus VII between c. 142 and 138 BC. His authority was not recognized in Babylon, but he held Antioch and Apamea in Syria, as well as much of Phoenicia and Coele Syria. In 143/2. He struck heavy blows against both the Jews of Judaea and the generals of Demetrius II. However, in 138 BC, Antiochus VII drove him out of Syria and hounded him through Phoenicia. Tryphon was besieged first at Dora and then at Apamea before he was captured and killed in 138/7 BC.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Ariarathes VIII

Definition: Ariarathes VIII Eusebes Epiphanes ("Pious, God Manifest") claimed the kingship in Cappadocia between c. 100 and 95 BC. This son of Ariarathes VI was invited by the Cappadocians to overthrow the deeply unpopular Ariarathes IX. He raised an army to press his claims to the throne, but was ultimately defeated in battle by Ariarathes IX's father, Mithradates VI of Pontus. Ariarathes VIII then fled Cappadocia and died in exile shortly thereafter.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator

Definition: Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator ("Ptolemy the New Beloved of his Father") was an Egyptian king of the Ptolemaic period. His reign is controversial, and it is possible that he did not reign at all, but was only granted royal dignity posthumously.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Ptolemy VIII Physcon

Definition: Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II ("Ptolemy the Benefactor"; c. 182 BC – June 26, 116 BC), nicknamed Physcon ("the Fat"), was a king of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt, ruling from 169 to 164 B.C. with siblings Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II and a second time from 144 to 132/1 and again from 126 to 116.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Cultural Foundation of Saxony-Anhalt - Moritzburg Art Museum Halle (Saale)

Definition: The Moritzburg Art Museum Halle (Saale) was founded 1885 and is located in the Moritzburg, a castle of the early 16th century. The spectacular extension (opened in 2008) in the once ruined west and north wings becomes visible only at second glance and particularly in the exhibition rooms themselves. The art museum of the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt shows works from its own collections, predominantly from the Middle Ages to the baroque period, classical modernism, which forms the main focus, and the contemporary period. The collections of paintings ans sculptures, graphics an fotography, arts and crafts design and of the state coin collection include around 250,000 objects. The foundations of the numismatic collection are, in addition to acquisitions of contemporary medals made after 1900, above all the foundations of district court counsel Buchholz and merchant Heynemann made in 1910 and 1923. In 1950, the „State Coin Collection of Saxony-Anhalt“ was founded programmatically with these stocks, which at that time also the care of the local coin hoards and the scientific advice for the museums of the country was transferred. The Cabinet now has a collection of about 120,000 coins, medals and banknotes. The main topics are the medieval and modern coinage of the Central German countrys, the modern German medal art and the paper money of the 20th century. The universal collection includes objects from antiquity to the present from all continents and cultures.
Type: Collection, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Cassander

Definition: Cassander, the eldest son of Antipater and a contemporary of Alexander the Great, was king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 305 BC until 297 BC, and de facto ruler of much of Greece from 317 BC until his death.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

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