Nomisma Ontology

The namespace for all terms is http://nomisma.org/ontology#

Download OWL ontology for this version: RDF/XML, TTL

See the Nomisma Cookbook for further documentation on properties and classes within the ontology, with example models.

This version:
http://nomisma.org/ontology/230912 (12 September 2023)
Latest published version:
http://nomisma.org/ontology
Previous versions:
http://nomisma.org/ontology/210715 (15 July 2021)
http://nomisma.org/ontology/191223 (23 December 2019)
http://nomisma.org/ontology/191113 (13 November 2019)
http://nomisma.org/ontology/190911 (11 September 2019)
http://nomisma.org/ontology/180927 (27 September 2018)
http://nomisma.org/ontology/180522 (22 May 2018)
http://nomisma.org/ontology/161114 (14 November 2016)
http://nomisma.org/ontology/151110 (10 November 2015)
http://nomisma.org/ontology/150910 (10 September 2015)
http://nomisma.org/ontology/150326 (26 March 2015)
http://nomisma.org/ontology/150226 (26 February 2015)
http://nomisma.org/ontology/150219 (19 February 2015)
http://nomisma.org/ontology/150212 (12 February 2015)
http://nomisma.org/ontology/150205 (05 February 2015)

Cross reference for Nomisma classes and properties

Classes

Class: nmo:Authenticity

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Authenticity

The contemporary legal status of a numismatic object: whether it was produced by an authority that had the relevant rights to do so, or is a contemporary or modern imitation.

Class: nmo:CoinWear

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#CoinWear

Wear on a coin or similar objects occurring as a result of its use.

has superclasses
nmo:Wear

Class: nmo:Collection

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Collection

General term meaning the objects held by an institution or individual. Or the holding entity itself.

Class: nmo:Context

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Context

The archaeological context of a numismatic object.

Class: nmo:Controlmark

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Controlmark

A control mark is a letter, symbol or an inscription on a numismatic object intended to distinguish a group of coins within an issue or series.

has subclasses
nmo:Mintmark

Class: nmo:Corrosion

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Corrosion

Degradation to a numismatic object due to chemical reaction with its environment.

Class: nmo:Countermark

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Countermark

A mark or symbol punched into a coin or similar object at some point during its time in circulation.

has superclasses
nmo:SecondaryTreatment

Class: nmo:Denomination

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Denomination

Term indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.

Class: nmo:DepositionType

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#DepositionType

The circumstances under which an object or group of objects came to be deposited and part of the archaeological record, for example as a hoard, votive deposit or chance loss.

has superclasses
nmo:Context

Class: nmo:DieWear

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#DieWear

Wear on a die occurring as a result of its use.

has superclasses
nmo:Wear

Class: nmo:DiscoveryType

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#DiscoveryType

The circumstances under which an object or group of objects came to be discovered, for example as a chance stray find or a controlled excavation.

has superclasses
nmo:Context

Class: nmo:Ethnic

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Ethnic

Generally, a tribal or ethnic name appearing on a numismatic object. Distinct from personal authority as indicated by the presence of ruler's name.

Class: nmo:FieldOfNumismatics

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#FieldOfNumismatics

Any widely recognized area of study within the discipline of numismatics.

Class: nmo:Find

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Find

A numismatic object or group of numismatic objects that was lost or deposited, whether intentionally or unintentionally, in previous times, and subsequently recovered. The recovery takes place independently of any intention of retrieval associated with the original deposition.

has subclasses
nmo:Hoard
has superclasses
nmo:Context

Class: nmo:Hoard

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Hoard

Within nomisma this is defined as a group of objects deposited together, of which at least one is a numismatic object.

has superclasses
nmo:Find

Class: nmo:Manufacture

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Manufacture

The technique of manufacture. For example, struck or cast.

Class: nmo:Material

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Material

The physical material from which an object is made.

Class: nmo:Mint

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Mint

Generic term for a place of manufacture of a numismatic object or for the issuing city.

Class: nmo:Mintmark

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Mintmark

A mint mark is a letter, symbol or an inscription on a numismatic object indicating the mint where the numismatic object was produced.

has superclasses
nmo:Controlmark

Class: nmo:Monogram

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Monogram

A monogram is a symbol made by overlapping or combining of letters or other graphemes.

Class: nmo:NumismaticObject

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#NumismaticObject

Objects considered to be within the numismatic domain such as coins, tokens, banknotes etc.

Class: nmo:NumismaticTerm

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#NumismaticTerm

A term used within the field of numismatics to describe or to otherwise convey information specific to the numismatic discipline, or to numismatic objects.

Class: nmo:ObjectType

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#ObjectType

The numismatic type of an object. Ex. 'coin'.

Class: nmo:Peculiarity

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Peculiarity

A notable, characteristic or unusual physical feature of an individual numismatic object that marks it out from other examples of the same group, or of a group of numismatic objects that marks it out from other groups.

Class: nmo:PeculiarityOfProduction

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#PeculiarityOfProduction

A notable, characteristic or unusual physical feature of an individual numismatic object which distinguishes it from other examples of the same group, or of a group of numismatic objects that marks it out from other groups, and which is related to the process of production of a numismatic object.

has superclasses
nmo:Peculiarity

Class: nmo:ReferenceWork

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#ReferenceWork

A published work of reference relevant to a numismatic object.

has subclasses
nmo:TypeSeries
has superclasses
dcterms:BibliographicResource

Class: nmo:Region

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Region

An area of geographic significance and/or taxonomic importance, perhaps part of a larger geographic/administrative unit, having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries.

Class: nmo:SecondaryTreatment

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#SecondaryTreatment

Anomalies or unusual features which arise subsequent to the actual production of a numismatic object; for example halving, chop-marking, etc.

has subclasses
nmo:Countermark
has superclasses
nmo:Peculiarity

Class: nmo:Shape

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Shape

The possible shapes numismatic objects might have, could be standard like round or rectangular or even a polygon.

Class: nmo:StratigraphicUnit

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#StratigraphicUnit

A stratigraphic unit is a volume of identifiable origin and relative age range that is defined by the distinctive and dominant, easily mapped and recognizable features that characterize it.

Class: nmo:TypeSeries

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#TypeSeries

A published or recognized reference list of numismatic object types, such as a catalogue or corpus.

has superclasses
nmo:ReferenceWork

Class: nmo:TypeSeriesItem

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#TypeSeriesItem

An item within a reference list of numismatic object types.

Class: nmo:Wear

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#Wear

Wear on a numismatic object occurring as a result of its use.

has subclasses
nmo:CoinWear, nmo:DieWear

Class: nmo:WeightStandard

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#WeightStandard

The conventional weight system according to which a numismatic object was produced.

has superclasses
dcterms:Standard

Properties

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasAppearance

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasAppearance

Describes the appearance of a numismatic object. Eg. Iconography, legends and physical characteristics.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasAuthenticity

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasAuthenticity

Identifies whether a numismatic object was produced by an authority that had the relevant rights to do so, or is a contemporary or modern imitation.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasAuthority

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasAuthority

Identifies the authority in whose name (explicitly or implicitly) a numismatic object was issued. Eg. Charlemagne, Augustus, Sparta, Federal Republic of Germany, Bank of England

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasAxis

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasAxis

Describes the directional relationship between the obverse and reverse of a numismatic object.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasBearsDate

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasBearsDate

Describes a date that appears on an object

has superproperties
nmo:hasAppearance

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasClosingDate

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasClosingDate

The date of the latest object (could be non-numismatic) of a given context, e.g. a hoard or layer.

has superproperties
nmo:hasDate

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasCollection

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasCollection

Identifies the modern collection or repository in which a numismatic object resides or has resided in the past.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasContemporaryName

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasContemporaryName

A contemporary name is a term for a particular group of numismatic objects or concept(s) that was used for them at the time of their use. This may, for example, include one or more denominations, numismatic objects of a particular origin or some other common characteristic. Examples: Poloi, Tournois, Spagürli, Etschkreuzer, F-Schilling, Popolino.

has superproperties
dcterms:alternative

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasContext

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasContext

Describes the context of a numismatic object.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasControlmark

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasControlmark

Identifies a letter, symbol, monogram or an inscription on a numismatic object intended to distinguish it as part of a group of numismatic objects within an issue or series.

has subproperties
nmo:hasMintmark
has superproperties
nmo:hasAppearance

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasCorrosion

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasCorrosion

Describes degradation due to chemical reaction with an environment, commonly in terms prescribed by "Abnutzung und Korrosion: Bestimmmungstafeln zur Bearbeitung von Fundmünzen = Usure et corrosion. (1995). Lausanne." (OCLC 174260520)

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasCountermark

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasCountermark

Identifies a mark or symbol punched into a coin or similar object at some point during its time in circulation.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasDate

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasDate

Describes date (range) assigned in a numismatic context.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasDenomination

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasDenomination

Describes the monetary value assigned to an object within a denominational system. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasDepth

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasDepth

Describes the depth of an object.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasDiameter

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasDiameter

Describes diameter of an object.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasDie

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasDie

Describes the die from which a numismatic object has been produced.

has superproperties
nmo:hasProductionObject

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasEdge

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasEdge

Describes characteristics of the edge of a numismatic object.

has superproperties
nmo:hasAppearance

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasEndDate

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasEndDate

Identifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasFace

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasFace

Identifies a particular face of a numismatic object. Where possible and appropriate, the more specific properties hasObverse or hasReverse are preferred.

has subproperties
nmo:hasObverse, nmo:hasReverse
has superproperties
nmo:hasAppearance

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasFindType

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasFindType

deprecated - please use nmo:hasContext instead, together with the class Context or its sub classes: Find, DepositionType and DiscoveryType

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasFindspot

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasFindspot

Describes the location of the discovery of an object, whether by accident or in archaeological excavation.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasHeight

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasHeight

Describes the height of a numismatic object.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasIconography

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasIconography

Describes an iconography placed on a numismatic object.

has subproperties
nmo:hasCountermark, nmo:hasPortrait
has superproperties
nmo:hasAppearance

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasIssuer

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasIssuer

Identifies the person administratively responsible for the issue of a numismatic object, generally named in some capacity on the object.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasLegend

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasLegend

Describes the inscription or printing placed on a numismatic object as part of the production process.

has superproperties
nmo:hasAppearance

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasManufacture

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasManufacture

Describes the method of manufacture of a numismatic object. Eg. struck, cast, printed

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasMaterial

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasMaterial

Describes the physical material from which a numismatic object is made.

has superproperties
owl:topObjectProperty

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasMaxDepth

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasMaxDepth

Describes the maximum depth of a numismatic object.

has superproperties
nmo:hasDepth

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasMaxDiameter

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasMaxDiameter

Describes the maximum diameter of a numismatic object.

has superproperties
nmo:hasDiameter

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasMaxHeight

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasMaxHeight

Describes the maximum height of a numismatic object.

has superproperties
nmo:hasHeight

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasMaxWidth

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasMaxWidth

Describes the maximum width of a numismatic object.

has superproperties
nmo:hasWidth

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasMinDepth

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasMinDepth

Describes the minimum depth of a numismatic object.

has superproperties
nmo:hasDepth

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasMinDiameter

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasMinDiameter

Describes the minimum diameter of a numismatic object.

has superproperties
nmo:hasDiameter

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasMinHeight

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasMinHeight

Describes the minimum height of a numismatic object.

has superproperties
nmo:hasHeight

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasMinWidth

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasMinWidth

Describes the minimum width of a numismatic object.

has superproperties
nmo:hasWidth

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasMint

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasMint

Identifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasMintmark

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasMintmark

Identifies the letter, symbol or an inscription on a numismatic object indicating the mint where it was produced.

has superproperties
nmo:hasControlmark

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasNumismaticClosingDate

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasNumismaticClosingDate

The date of the latest numismatic object of a given context, e.g. a hoard or layer.

has superproperties
nmo:hasDate

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasObjectType

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasObjectType

Identifies the type of numismatic object. E.g. Coin, token, banknote.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasObverse

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasObverse

Identifies a particular face of a numismatic object. Normally it will be the face carrying the represenation, badge or inscription of the issuing authority. In ancient, hand-struck coinage it is generally the lower (anvil) die. In English often known as "heads".

has superproperties
nmo:hasFace

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasPeculiarity

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasPeculiarity

Describes a notable, characteristic or unusual physical feature of an individual numismatic object marks it out from other examples of the same group, or of a group of numismatic objects that marks it out from other groups. It can be the result of production, such as plating, or post-production activity, such as piercing, cutting or mounting.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasPeculiarityOfProduction

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasPeculiarityOfProduction

Describes a notable, characteristic or unusual physical feature of an individual numismatic object which distinguishes it from other examples of the same group, or of a group of numismatic objects that marks it out from other groups, and which is related to the process of production of a numismatic object.

has superproperties
nmo:hasPeculiarity

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasPortrait

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasPortrait

has superproperties
nmo:hasIconography

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasProductionDate

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasProductionDate

Describes the date (range) of the production of a numismatic object.

has superproperties
nmo:hasDate

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasProductionObject

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasProductionObject

Objects used within the production process.

has subproperties
nmo:hasDie

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasReferenceWork

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasReferenceWork

Specifies a published work of reference relevant to a numismatic object.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasReverse

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasReverse

Identifies a the face of a numismatic object opposed to the obverse. In ancient, hand-struck coinage it is generally the upper die. In English often known as "tails".

has superproperties
nmo:hasFace

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasScholarlyName

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasScholarlyName

A scholarly name is a term for a particular group of numismatic objects or concept(s) that was established after the time of their use, as part of scholarly jargon. Examples: Croeseid, Schneckentaler, Falkendukat, Antoninianus.

has superproperties
dcterms:alternative

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasSecondaryTreatment

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasSecondaryTreatment

Describes anomalies or unusual features which arise subsequent to the actual production of a numismatic object; for example halving, chop-marking, etc.

has subproperties
nmo:hasCountermark
has superproperties
nmo:hasPeculiarity

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasShape

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasShape

Describes the shape of a numismatic object.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasStartDate

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasStartDate

Identifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasStatedAuthority

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasStatedAuthority

The authority as stated on a numismatic object. This may, but need not, be the same as the real authority behind the object (expressed separately as hasAuthority).

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasTypeSeriesItem

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasTypeSeriesItem

Identifies the position of a numismatic object within a published or recognized reference list of types, such as a catalogue or corpus.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasWear

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasWear

Describes wear visible on a numismatic object due to use or circulation, commonly in terms prescribed by "Abnutzung und Korrosion: Bestimmmungstafeln zur Bearbeitung von Fundmünzen = Usure et corrosion. (1995). Lausanne." (OCLC 174260520)

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasWeight

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasWeight

Describes the actual weight of a numismatic object.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasWeightStandard

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasWeightStandard

Describes the conventional weight system according to which a numismatic object of intrinsic value was produced.

ObjectProperty: nmo:hasWidth

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#hasWidth

Describes the width of a numismatic object.

ObjectProperty: nmo:isAbove

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#isAbove

Based on the Harris Matrix system for units of archaeological stratification. The subject unit is above the object unit in the relative sequence of the units of stratification through time (see: Principles of archaeological stratigraphy by Edward Harris).

ObjectProperty: nmo:isBelow

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#isBelow

Based on the Harris Matrix system for units of archaeological stratification. The subject unit is below the object in the relative sequence of the units of stratification through time (see: Principles of archaeological stratigraphy by Edward Harris).

ObjectProperty: nmo:isEqual

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#isEqual

Based on the Harris Matrix system for units of archaeological stratification. The units are correlated (equated by the = sign) as separate parts (given different numbers in the field) of a once whole deposit or feature interface (see: Principles of archaeological stratigraphy by Edward Harris).

ObjectProperty: nmo:representsObjectType

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#representsObjectType

To indicate what kind of object type is represented by (for example) an type series item (a coin, banknote, token, ...).

ObjectProperty: nmo:reproductionOf

IRI: http://nomisma.org/ontology#reproductionOf

Connects a reproduction of a numismatic object (to study it or to generate a surrogate – should not be used for contemporary imitations or forgeries) to its original.