nomisma.org: Browse

Fals

Definition: Islamic bronze denomination equivalent in value to a fals.
Type: Denomination, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Dinar

Definition: Term to describe the standard gold unit in Islamic, Sasanian, and Kushan numismatics.
Type: Denomination, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

1/3 dinar

Definition: Sasanian and Islamic gold coin with the value of 1/3 Dinar.
Type: Denomination, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

1/2 Dinar

Definition: Islamic gold coin with the value of 1/2 Dinar.
Type: Denomination, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

1/4 Dinar

Definition: Islamic gold coin with the value of 1/4 Dinar.
Type: Denomination, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

1/6 Dinar

Definition: Sasanian and Islamic gold coin with the value of 1/6 Dinar.
Type: Denomination, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Medieval Greek Numismatics

Definition: The study of the coins, other numismatic items and numismatic history in Greece and historically related territories during the medieval period (post-roman period until roughly 1500).
Type: Field of Numismatics, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Germania

Definition: Germania, also called Magna Germania (English: Great Germania), Germania Libera (English: Free Germania), or Germanic Barbaricum to distinguish it from the Roman province of the same name, was a historical region in north-central Europe during the Roman era, which was associated by Roman authors with the Germanic people. The region stretched roughly from the Middle and Lower Rhine in the west to the Vistula in the east. It also extended at some point as far south as the Upper and Middle Danube and Pannonia, and to the known parts of southern Scandinavia in the north (this being linked to Germanic Migration Period).
Type: Region, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Mary, mother of Christ

Definition: Mary was the mother of Jesus Christ, and is venerated by Christians as Saint Mary.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Poppaea Sabina

Definition: Poppaea Sabina was the wife of the Roman emperor Nero, who married her in AD 62.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Saint Andronicus

Definition: Martyr saint (died 304). He was beheaded during the Diocletianic persecution at Anazarbus (near Mopsuestia) with Probus and Tarachus.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Saint Demetrius

Definition: Martyr saint (270-305/6), martyred under Maximian in Thessalonica and saint protector of the city.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Saint John the Baptist

Definition: The cousin of Jesus and prophet of his coming.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Saint Nicolas

Definition: Born 15 March 270, died 6 December 343. Bishop of Myra (near the modern Demre in Asia Minor) and patron saint of seamen and children.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Saint Paul

Definition: Lived from c. 5-c. 64/68. One of the apostles of Jesus, Eusebius claimed he died under Nero's reign.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Saint Peter

Definition: Lived from c. 1 - 64. One of the apostles of Jesus, the first Pope. He was martyred in Rome under Nero, crucified with his head down.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Saint Theodore

Definition: Two saints named Theodore were included among the half dozen leading military martyrs venerated in the East. Theodore of Amasea (Theodore the Recruit) and Theodore Stratelates (Theodore the General), one a common soldier and the other a general. Possibly they are the same person.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Saint Tryphon

Definition: Martyr saint, born at Kampsada in Phrygia (now Turkey), martyred by torture and beheading in 250 AD.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Saint George

Definition: Martyr saint (died 23 April 303), he was martyred near Lydda and executed by decapitation under Diocletian.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Ahijah the Shilonite

Definition: A Levite prophet of Shiloh, from the time of King Solomon, who divided the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Saint

Definition: An individual who - often following the process of canonization resp. glorification by one of the Christian churches - has been elevated to the rank of Saint or is considered such by any other faith or religion. Saints are often depicted on coins highlighting both their religious importance and role as well as various qualities through destinctive iconographic types.
Type: Role, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Trikephalon

Definition: An Aspron Trachy (1/3 Hyperpyron) issued during the reign of the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII an later (1261-1294), which features three heads (Emperor, Virgin, Christ).
Type: Denomination, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Basilikon

Definition: Byzantine silver denomination, in Greek βασιλικόν. Also called Doukaton or Argyrion. Introduced in c. 1304 under the reign of Andronicus ii in imitation of the Venetian silver ducato. Following a reduction in weight, it ceased to be issued around 1350, and was later replaced by the Stavraton.
Type: Denomination, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

1/2 Basilikon

Definition: Byzantine denomination valued as 1/2 Basilikon.
Type: Denomination, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Mithridates III of Bosporus

Definition: Tiberius Julius Mithridates Philogermanicus Philopatris,[a] also known as Mithridates III of the Bosporus (fl. 41 AD, died 68 AD), was a Roman client king of the Bosporus, co-ruling with his mother, Gepaepyris.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Assarion

Definition: Byzantine denomination of Assarion, a flat copper coin introduced under Andronicos II, and struck until 1367.
Type: Denomination, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Stavraton

Definition: Byzantine silver coin which was introduced in c. 1367 as the main silver denomination of the Late Byzantine empire. It was valued as half of the gold Hyperpyron. Also fractions of the Stavraton were struck.
Type: Denomination, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

1/2 Stavraton

Definition: Byzantine silver denomination with the value of half Stavraton.
Type: Denomination, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Follaro

Definition: The term itself is a revival of the early Byzantine term of follis. Follaro now identifies Late Palaeologan copper coins of c. 14 mm in diametre and c. 0.6 grams of weight. Known from Italian sources such as Pegolotti and Badoer as follari. As a result of the continuation of Byzantine bronze coinage by Norman authorities in southern Italy, this denomination was also issued by Normans on the Italian peninsula and in Sicily. Lit.: Ph. Grierson, Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and the Whittemore Collection V (1999) pp. 54.
Type: Denomination, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Appius Claudius Censorinus

Definition: Appius Claudius Censorinus, a fictitious Roman emperor who is represented on modern European medals. According to the Historia Augusta Tyr. trig. 33 he was emperor in AD 269. He is included in the list of the Thirty Tyrants. This ID is not to be used as an authority for actual Roman coins!
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Celsus

Definition: Titus Cornelius Celsus is a fictitious usurper during the reign of the Roman emperor Gallienus. See SHA, Tyr. trig. 29. He is represented on modern European medals. This ID is not to be used as an authority for actual Roman coins!
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

9 batzen

Definition: Denomination with the value of 9 batzen, as issued by the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden (Switzerland) in the 18th century.
Type: Denomination, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Tinos

Definition: The medieval mint of Tinos, situated in all likelihood in the island capital of Tinos (known today as Exombourgo) produced deniers tournois for its Ghisi lords in the first decade of the fourteenth century (literature: Travaini 2011, pp. 1465-1466; Baker 2021, pp. 1462-1463).
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Thebes

Definition: Medieval mint of Thebes in Boiotia, for the de la Roche lords (later: dukes) of Athens, and probably for their Catalan conquerors and successors. Between the late 1240s and 1258 or 1259 base pennies and their fractions were issued, ca. 1285 to 1311 deniers tournois and some rare base fractions, and probably from 1311 base imitative deniers tournois. The mint was probably located in the central upper town known as the Kadmeia (literature: Travaini 2011, pp. 1461-1464; Baker 2021, pp. 1359-1362, 1427-1439, 1481-1483, and passim). For the ancient mint of Thebes, see http://nomisma.org/id/thebes.
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Negroponte

Definition: Medieval mint of Negroponte, located in Chalkida, the main town of Euboia island, operational for a short while from 1255 for the Villehardouin princes of Achaia, producing fractions of base pennies. Whether or not such issues were minted there or in fact at Corinth has been debated in the literature, most recently the existence of an actual mint of Negroponte is the favoured solution (literature: Travaini 2011, p. 1404; Baker 2021, pp. 1366-1367). For the ancient mint of Chalcis, see http://nomisma.org/id/chalcis, for the ancient mint of Chalcis in Mysia, see http://nomisma.org/id/chalkis.
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Clarentza

Definition: Medieval mint for the princes of Achaia. Between ca. 1267 and ca. 1347 it produced a series of deniers tournois, and more sporadically baser pennies, for princes of the Villehardouin and Anjou families. The mint was in an unknown position within the walled town, referred to as 'kastro' in contemporary sources (literature: Travaini 2011, pp. 1304-1307; Baker 2021, pp. 1373-1427 and passim).
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Karytaina

Definition: Medieval mint of Karytaina for Helena Angela, mother of Duke Guy II de la Roche of Athens, operating in part of 1291, and perhaps 1292, for the half fief she held there. The only denomination were deniers tournois (literature: Travaini 2011, pp. 1297-1298; Baker 2021, pp. 1440-1441).
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Corinth

Definition: Medieval mint of Corinth in the Peloponnese, operational probably between the late 1240s and 1258 or 1259, for the Villehardouin princes of Achaia. Only base penny issues and their fractions were produced there. The belief that better quality deniers tournois were minted at Corinth from the later 1260s onwards, which goes back to the work of Anastasios Tzamalis and is frequently repeated by scholars and in auction catalogues, is erroneous. Such coins were issues of Clarentza. The medieval mint of Corinth would most likely have been located in the lower walled town, approximately in the position of the modern village of Ancient Corinth (literature: Travaini 2011, pp. 1319-1321; Baker 2021, pp. 1365-1373 and passim). For the ancient mint of Corinth, see http://nomisma.org/id/corinth.
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Corfu

Definition: Medieval and modern mint of the Corfu, the capital of the eponymous island. Corfu was a mint for the Lord of Corfu Philip of Taranto from 1294 until ca. 1296-1298. Corfu was also a mint during the early nineteenth century for the Septinsular Republic. There is a more remote possibility that a Corfu mint produced billon trachea for Manfred of Staufen as lord of Romania in 1258 or 1259. The location of the medieval mint was presumably inside the fortified town, which was in the middle ages confined to the area now known as the old castle (palaio frourio); the early 19th-century mint operated at Garitsa (literature: Travaini 2011, pp. 1317-1318; Baker 2021, pp. 1353-1357 and 1441-1443; Moschonas 2002). For the ancient mint of Korkyra, see http://nomisma.org/id/corcyra_corcyra.
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Neopatra

Definition: The medieval mint of Neopatra issued deniers tournois for John II Angelos Doukas as sevastokrator (later: dux) during the period ca. 1303 to ca. 1311 (literature: Travaini 2011, pp. 1404-1405; Baker 2021, pp. 1453-1462).
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Naupaktos

Definition: The medieval mint of Naupaktos produced deniers tournois for Philip of Taranto, prince of Achaia, in his position of despot of Romania, in significant quantities during the period ca. 1301 to ca. 1306 (literature: Travaini 2011, pp. 1352-1353; Baker 2021, pp. 1445-1453).
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Salona

Definition: The medieval mint of Salona in central Greece issued rare deniers for its lord, Thomas III Autremencourt, around the year 1300 (literature: Travaini 2011, pp. 1437-1438; Baker 2021, pp. 1443-1445).
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Damala

Definition: Possible medieval mint of Damala, ancient and modern Troizina in the Argolis. In the most recent literature, the existence of this mint has been questioned and the excessively rare denier tournois issues of the Zaccaria barons bearing this mint signature are considered to have been more likely produced at the mint of Chios in the eastern Aegean (literature: Travaini 2011, pp. 1327-1328; Baker 2021, pp. 1464-1465). For the ancient mint of Troezen, see http://nomisma.org/id/troezen.
Type: Mint, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Ottonian dynasty

Definition: The Ottonian dynasty (German: Ottonen) was a Saxon dynasty of German monarchs (919–1024), named after three of its kings and Holy Roman Emperors named Otto, especially its first Emperor Otto I. It is also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin in the German stem duchy of Saxony. The family itself is also sometimes known as the Liudolfings (Liudolfinger), after its earliest known member Count Liudolf (d. 866) and one of its most common given names. The Ottonian rulers were successors of the Germanic king Conrad I, who was the only Germanic king to rule in East Francia after the Carolingian dynasty and before this dynasty
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Habsburg-Laufenburg

Definition: In the years between 1232 and 1234, a division of property and administration took place between the brothers Albrecht IV of Habsburg (continuing the older lineage) and Rudolf III of Habsburg (the founder of Habsburg-Laufenburg). The Habsburg-Laufenburg possessions were located in the Frickgau with its seat at Laufenburg Castle, in the Albgau with Hauenstein Castle, in the Aargau with Stein Castle, as well as in Obwalden, eastern Switzerland and in the county of Klettgau.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Habsburg-Lorraine

Definition: The House of Habsburg-Lorraine (German: Haus Habsburg-Lothringen) originated from the marriage in 1736 of Francis III, Duke of Lorraine and Bar, and Maria Theresa of Austria, later successively Queen of Bohemia, Queen of Hungary, Queen of Croatia and Archduchess of Austria. Its members are the legitimate surviving line of both the House of Habsburg and the House of Lorraine and inherit their patrimonial possessions and vocation to the Empire from their female line of the House of Habsburg and from the male line of the House of Lorraine.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Zähringen

Definition: The House of Zähringen (German: Zähringer) was a dynasty of Swabian nobility. The family's name derived from Zähringen Castle near Freiburg im Breisgau. The Zähringer in the 12th century used the title of Duke of Zähringen, in compensation for having conceded the title of Duke of Swabia to the Staufer in 1098. The Zähringer were granted the special title of Rector of Burgundy in 1127, and they continued to use both titles until the end of the ducal line in 1218.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Capetian dynasty

Definition: The Capetian dynasty, also known as the "House of France", is a dynasty of Frankish origin, and a branch of the Robertians. It consists of Hugh Capet, the founder of the dynasty, and his male-line descendants, who ruled in France without interruption from 987 to 1792, and again from 1814 to 1848. Cadet branches of the Capetian House of Bourbon house are still reigning over Spain and Luxembourg.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Nellenburg

Definition: The House of Nellenburg was an important noble family in south-western Germany and northern Switzerland, which died out in the male line around 1105. Originally descending from the Eberhardingers, the Nellenburgs have been named after the Nellenburg on the Nenziger Berg west of Stockach since the middle of the 11th century. Members of this family are known as counts of the Zürichgau, later as founders of the Kloster zu Allerheiligen (All Saints Abbey) in Schaffhausen and holders of the county of Nellenburg and the county of Neckargau. The fundamental source for the first line of Nellenburg counts is the history of the founders of Allerheiligen, known as the Schaffhauser Stifterbuch (Schaffhausen Book of Founders).
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Toggenburg

Definition: The House of Toggenburg was a noble family from eastern Switzerland. The main area of the County of Toggenburg was in the landscape that bears its name today as "Toggenburg". The title of Count of Toggenburg has been documented since 1209. The family's ancestral seat was Alt-Toggenburg, today a ruin in the municipality of Kirchberg, Canton St. Gallen. Shortly before their extinction in 1436, the family was able to establish one of the largest territorial dominions between the Swiss Confederation and the Habsburgs through inheritances and pledges. The disputed division of the Toggenburg inheritance was one of the reasons for the outbreak of the so-called Old Zurich War between the Swiss Cantons of Zurich, Schwyz and Glarus.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Vuippens

Definition: The House of Vuippens descended from the Lords of Corbières. It was one of the most important families in the entourage of the Bishop of Lausanne. In 1225, the lord of Vuippens supported Aymon de Faucigny in his attempt to seize the avouerie of the bishopric of Lausanne. In 1244, Ulrich de Vuippens was one of the mediators who prepared the agreement between Jean de Cossonay and the House of Savoy.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House Blarer von Wartensee

Definition: Blarer von Wartensee is the name of a Swiss noble family that also spread to Swabia. As cloth merchants, members of the Blarer family belonged to the patricians who originally (14th century) resided in St. Gallen, later (15th century) in Constance and in the Basel area. Several abbots and bishops came from the family.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Neu-Kyburg dynasty

Definition: The Counts of Neu-Kyburg (also known as Kyburg-Burgdorf or Habsburg-Neukyburg) were a Swiss noble family that existed between about 1273 and 1417 and was primarily propertied in the Oberaargau region. The House of Neu-Kyburg arose from a continuation of the dynasty of the Counts of Kyburg in the female line and is a collateral line of the noble family of the Habsburgs.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Carolingian dynasty

Definition: The Carolingian dynasty was a Frankish noble family named after Charlemagne, grandson of mayor Charles Martel and a descendant of the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD. The dynasty consolidated its power in the 8th century, eventually making the offices of mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum hereditary, and becoming the de facto rulers of the Franks as the real powers behind the Merovingian throne. In 751 the Merovingian dynasty which had ruled the Germanic Franks was overthrown with the consent of the Papacy and the aristocracy, and Pepin the Short, son of Martel, was crowned King of the Franks. The Carolingian dynasty reached its peak in 800 with the crowning of Charlemagne as the first Emperor of the Romans in the West in over three centuries. His death in 814 began an extended period of fragmentation of the Carolingian Empire and decline that would eventually lead to the evolution of the Kingdom of France and the Holy Roman Empire.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Thun

Definition: Under the name of von Thun, two noble families existed in the Bernese Oberland in the 12th and 13th centuries, one of free status, the other as ministerials of the Counts of Kyburg. The Barons of Thun are said to have originated from the environment of the Counts of Rapperswil, while the Lords of Burgistein also emerged from the knightly family of Thun as a side branch.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Rapperswil

Definition: The House of Rapperswil respectively Counts of Rapperswil (Grafen von Rapperwil since 1233, before Lords) ruled the upper Zürichsee and Seedamm region around Rapperswil and parts of, as of today, Swiss cantons of St. Gallen, Glarus, Zürich and Graubünden when their influence was most extensive around the 1200s until the 1290s. They acted also as Vogt of the most influential Einsiedeln Abbey in the 12th and 13th century, and at least three abbots of Einsiedeln were members of Rapperswil family.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House Schoenau

Definition: Schönau, also Schoenau, is the name of an old Alsatian noble family with a parent house of the same name on the Rhine, east of Sélestat which settled in the southern Black Forest in the 14th century and founded the Schönau-Wehr, Schönau-Zell, Schönau-Schwörstadt and Schönau-Oeschgen lines there. The Schönau-Wehr lineage still exists today.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Damalas

Definition: The House of Damalas (Greek: Δαμαλάς) is a Genoese-Byzantine noble House established in the late 15th century, with roots originating from the island of Chios during the Genoese occupation.Created as a result of intermarriages among the Imperial House of Palaiologos with the Genoese noble House of Zaccaria. There is also an unrelated Byzantine family named Damalas/Damalis, which is seen as early as 1230 in the Thracesian Theme of the Eastern Roman Empire. Descendants of this unrelated family were also settled in Chios as well as Kos.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Wolfurt

Definition: The Lords of Wolfurt or Wolffurt were a noble and knightly family that - belonging to the ministerial nobility of Lindau and loyal to the House of Hohenstaufen - had influence in the southern Black Forest, in Vorarlberg and in Switzerland from the 12th to the 15th century and provided numerous abbots/abbesses, but also important confidants of kings. Their ancestral seat was Wolffurt Castle. They were issuers of coins in Lindau (abbess Segine of Wolfurt) and Kempten (abbot John Eucharius of Wolfurt).
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Lenzburg

Definition: The Counts of Lenzburg (also Counts of Baden by the early 12th century) were a comital family in the Duchy of Swabia in the 11th and 12th centuries, controlling substantial portions of the pagi of Aargau and Zürichgau. After the extinction of their male line in 1173, their lands were distributed between the houses of Kyburg, Zähringen and Hohenstaufen. Subsequent Habsburg expansion into former Lenzburg territories were one of several factors that led to the formation of the Old Swiss Confederacy in the late 13th century.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House Reich von Reichenstein

Definition: The Reich von Reichenstein were a knightly dynasty first mentioned in 1166/79 with Rudolf Dives. Originally ministeriales of the bishops of Basel, they held the office of kämmerer (chamberlain) from the beginning of the 13th century and received the castle of Reichenstein near Arlesheim as a fief from the bishop of Basel around 1250. From the 13th to the middle of the 15th century, the Reich von Reichenstein were represented in the council of the city of Basel, provided six mayors of Basel, a bishop of Basel and a rector of the University of Basel. From the 15th century onwards, the family members increasingly entered the service of the Habsburgs and the Margraves of Hachberg and Baden.The family's possessions lay in the Basel Area, Sundgau and southern Black Forest and consisted of fiefs of the Dukes of Austria, the Bishop of Basel and the Margraves of Baden.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Fenis

Definition: The noble family of Fenis. The ancestral seat was originally the castle of the same name, situated between Ins and Vinelz (= Fenis). In 1117, the castle was destroyed by an earthquake. The family provided barons and counts as well as bishops. Among others, the counts of Neuchâtel and bishops of Lausanne and Basel.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Wittelsbach

Definition: The House of Wittelsbach (German: Haus Wittelsbach) is a former German dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including the Electorate of Bavaria, the Electoral Palatinate, the Electorate of Cologne, Holland, Zeeland, Sweden (with Swedish-ruled Finland), Denmark, Norway, Hungary (with Romania), Bohemia, and Greece. Their ancestral lands of Bavaria and the Palatinate were prince-electorates, and the family had three of its members elected emperors and kings of the Holy Roman Empire. They ruled over the Kingdom of Bavaria which was created in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Merovingian dynasty

Definition: The Merovingian dynasty was the ruling family of the Franks from the middle of the 5th century until 751. They first appear as "Kings of the Franks" in the Roman army of northern Gaul. By 509 they had united all the Franks and northern Gallo-Romans under their rule. They conquered most of Gaul, defeating the Visigoths (507) and the Burgundians (534), and also extended their rule into Raetia (537). In Germania, the Alemanni, Bavarii and Saxons accepted their lordship. The Merovingian realm was the largest and most powerful of the states of western Europe following the breaking up of the empire of Theodoric the Great.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Kyburg

Definition: The House of Kyburg was a noble family of counts in the Duchy of Swabia, a cadet line of the counts of Dillingen, who in the late 12th and early 13th centuries ruled the County of Kyburg, corresponding to much of what is now Northeastern Switzerland. The family was one of the four most powerful noble families in the Swiss plateau (beside the House of Habsburg, the House of Zähringen and the House of Savoy) during the 12th century. With the extinction of the Kyburg family's male line in 1264, Rudolph of Habsburg laid claim to the Kyburg lands and annexed them to the Habsburg holdings, establishing the line of "Neu-Kyburg", which was in turn extinct in 1417.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Frohburg

Definition: The House of Frohburg (also Froburg) was a noble family in medieval Switzerland, with possessions in what is now the canton of Solothurn. They originate in the Wigger basin, near Zofingen. In the 10th century, they built Frohburg Castle on a hill near Trimbach. They had the title of counts from the later 11th century. They ruled the lands between Olten and Solothurn, and took parts of Aargau and Sisgau as fief from the bishop of Basel. They reached the peak of their power in the later 12th and early 13th century, building a number of castles, and founding towns such as Aarburg, Liestal, Olten, Waldenburg, Wiedlisbach and Zofingen. The last count of Frohburg was Hermann VI (d. 1367 as abbot of St. Urban's Abbey).
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Welf

Definition: The House of Welf (also Guelf or Guelph) is a European dynasty that has included many German and British monarchs from the 11th to 20th century and Emperor Ivan VI of Russia in the 18th century. The originally Franconian family from the Meuse-Moselle area was closely related to the imperial family of the Carolingians.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Salian dynasty

Definition: The Salian dynasty or Salic dynasty (German: Salier) was a dynasty in the High Middle Ages. The dynasty provided four kings of Germany (1024–1125), all of whom went on to be crowned Holy Roman emperors (1027–1125). After the death of the last Ottonian emperor in 1024, the Kingdom of Germany and later the entire Holy Roman Empire passed to Conrad II, a Salian. He was followed by three more Salian rulers: Henry III, Henry IV, and Henry V. They established their monarchy as a major European power.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Savoy

Definition: The House of Savoy (Italian: Casa Savoia) was a royal dynasty that was established in 1003 in the historical Savoy region. Through gradual expansion, the family grew in power from ruling a small Alpine county north-west of Italy to absolute rule of the Kingdom of Sicily from 1713 to 1720, when they were handed the island of Sardinia, over which they would exercise direct rule from then onward.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Habsburg

Definition: The House of Habsburg, also known as the House of Austria, is one of the most prominent and important dynasties in European history. It takes its name from Habsburg Castle, a fortress built in the 1020s in present-day Switzerland by Radbot of Klettgau, who named his fortress Habsburg. His grandson Otto II was the first to take the fortress name as his own, adding "Count of Habsburg" to his title. In 1273, Count Radbot's seventh-generation descendant, Rudolph of Habsburg, was elected King of the Romans. Taking advantage of the extinction of the Babenbergs and of his victory over Ottokar II of Bohemia at the battle on the Marchfeld in 1278, he appointed his sons as Dukes of Austria and moved the family's power base to Vienna, where the Habsburg dynasty gained the name of "House of Austria" and ruled until 1918.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Nassau

Definition: The House of Nassau is a diversified aristocratic dynasty in Europe. It is named after the lordship associated with Nassau Castle, located in present-day Nassau, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. With the fall of the Hohenstaufen in the first half of the 13th century royal power within Franconia evaporated and the former stem duchy fragmented into separate independent states. Nassau emerged as one of those independent states as part of the Holy Roman Empire. The lords of Nassau were originally titled "Count of Nassau", subject only to the Emperor, and then elevated to the princely class as "Princely Counts". Early on they divided into two main branches: the elder (Walramian) branch, that gave rise to the German king Adolf, and the younger (Ottonian) branch, that gave rise to the Princes of Orange and the monarchs of the Netherlands.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Conradine dynasty

Definition: The Conradines or Conradiner were a dynasty of Franconian counts and dukes in the 8th to 11th Century, named after Duke Conrad the Elder and his son King Conrad I of Germany. The family is first mentioned in 832, with Count Gebhard in the lower Lahn region. But the family's rise to prominence began with Oda, wife of Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia, who was a member of the family. In view of his family relationship with Oda, Conrad the Elder was frequently referred to as nepos (nephew, grandson, descendant) of the Emperor. He and his brothers apparently were in fact Arnulf's closest relatives, and he relied heavily on their support in his feud with the counts of Babenberg. Arnulf rewarded them by helping them gain territories, beyond their original realm in Hesse, in Thuringia and the Frankish regions along the Main river.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Anjou

Definition: The House of Anjou or Angevin Dynasty is the name given to three dynasties of French origin, from which different royal houses originated. In all cases the house takes its name from the County of Anjou, the title of which was held by the three founders. Different members of the houses of Anjou came to reign in Jerusalem, England, Sicily, Naples, Hungary and Poland.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Luxemburg

Definition: The House of Luxembourg or Luxembourg dynasty was a royal family of the Holy Roman Empire in the Late Middle Ages, whose members between 1308 and 1437 ruled as kings of Germany and Holy Roman emperors as well as kings of Bohemia, Hungary and Croatia. Their rule was twice interrupted by the rival House of Wittelsbach. The family takes it name from its ancestral county of Luxembourg which they continued to hold.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Bonaparte

Definition: The House of Bonaparte is a former imperial and royal European dynasty of Corsican origin. It was founded in 1804 by Napoleon I, the son of Corsican nobleman Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Buonaparte (née Ramolino). Napoleon was a French military leader who rose to power during the French Revolution and who, in 1804, transformed the First French Republic into the First French Empire, five years after his coup d'état of November 1799 (18 Brumaire). Napoleon and the Grande Armée had to fight against every major European power (except for the ones he was allied with, including Denmark-Norway) and dominated continental Europe through a series of military victories during the Napoleonic Wars. He installed members of his family on the thrones of client states, expanding the power of the dynasty.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Staufen dynasty

Definition: The Staufen dynasty, also known as the Staufer, was a noble family of unclear origin that rose to rule the Duchy of Swabia from 1079, and to royal rule in the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages from 1138 until 1254. The dynasty's most prominent rulers – Frederick I (1155), Henry VI (1191) and Frederick II (1220) – ascended the imperial throne and also reigned over Italy and Burgundy. The term "Hohenstaufen", which is no longer used for the Staufen dynasty today, is based on the erroneous assumption that the castle on Mount Hohenstaufen at the northern fringes of the Swabian Jura, near the town of Göppingen, was also called Hohenstaufen. Under Staufen rule, the Holy Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent from 1155 to 1268.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Supplinburg

Definition: The House of Supplinburg (named after the castle Süpplingenburg in the district of Helmstedt, Lower Saxony) is the name of the family of the Roman-German king and emperor Lothar III. In the 11th century, representatives of the family held the bishopric of Helmstedt as well as various counties in Saxony (including Harzgau, Derlingau) before Lothar first became Duke of Saxony, then Roman-German king.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Villehardouin dynasty

Definition: Villehardouin was a noble dynasty that originated in Villehardouin, a former commune of the Aube department, now part of Val-d'Auzon, France. It is most notable as the ruling house of the Principality of Achaea, a Frankish crusader state in the Peloponnese peninsula of Greece, between 1209 and 1278, when possession passed to the Angevin Kings of Naples.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House Senn von Muensingen

Definition: The Senn von Münsingen were an aristocratic knightly family that owned property in the Bernese Aare valley and in the Emmental in the 13th and 14th centuries. As ministeriales of the Counts of Kyburg they had significant landholdings in fief from them. In 1347, the family inherited the the lands of the Counts of Buchegg in the Bucheggberg region of Solothurn and in the Limpach valley, and in 1360 they were elevated to the title of baron.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Scarpone

Definition: The House of Scarpone was the family of the Counts of Pfirt (French: Ferrette), Lützelburg (Lutzelbourg), Mömpelgard (Montbéliard) and the Counts and later Dukes of Bar (Bar-le-Duc). The family takes its name from its origins in the Scarponnois in the present-day French département of Meurthe-et-Moselle. As Pfirt is located in the Sundgau, the family used to be called counts of Sundgau too, although they never held this title.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

House of Odaenathus

Definition: Named for Septimius Odaenathus, who declared himself king of Palmyra following the defeat of Valerian by the Sassanians in 260. The autonomous kingdom grew into the Palmyrene Empire, which rivaled Rome for several years under the reign of Zenobia.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Nerva-Antonine Dynasty

Definition: The Nerva–Antonine dynasty was a dynasty of seven Roman Emperors who ruled over the Roman Empire from AD 96 to 192. These Emperors are Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Lucius Verus, Marcus Aurelius, and Commodus. The first five of them (excluding Lucius Verus) are commonly known as the "Five Good Emperors".
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Leonid Dynasty

Definition: The House of Leo or the Leonid Dynasty ruled the Eastern Roman Empire from 457 to 518 (and varying parts of the Western Roman Empire from 474 to 480).
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Gordian Dynasty

Definition: The Gordian dynasty, sometimes known as the Gordianic dynasty, was short-lived, ruling the Roman Empire from 238–244 AD. The dynasty achieved the throne in 238 AD, after Gordian I and his son Gordian II rose up against Emperor Maximinus Thrax and were proclaimed co-emperors by the Roman Senate.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Valerian Dynasty

Definition: A three-generational family of Valerian I, his son, Gallienus, and three grandsons, spanning 253-268.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Severan Dynasty

Definition: The Severan dynasty was a Roman imperial dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 193 and 235. The dynasty was founded by the general Septimius Severus, who rose to power as the victor of the Civil War of 193–197.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Valentinianic Dynasty

Definition: The Valentinian Dynasty or Valentinianic Dynasty, consisting of four emperors, ruled the Western Roman Empire from 364 to 392 and the Eastern Roman Empire from 364 to 378.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Flavian Dynasty

Definition: The Flavian dynasty was a Roman imperial dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 AD and 96 AD, encompassing the reigns of Vespasian (69–79), and his two sons Titus (79–81) and Domitian (81–96).
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Julio-Claudian Dynasty

Definition: The Julio-Claudian dynasty was the first Roman imperial dynasty, consisting of the first five emperors—Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero—or the family to which they belonged. They ruled the Roman Empire from its formation under Augustus in 27 BC until AD 68, when the last of the line, Nero, committed suicide. The name "Julio-Claudian dynasty" is a historiographical term derived from the two main branches of the imperial family: the Julii Caesares and Claudii Nerones.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Theodosian Dynasty

Definition: The Theodosian dynasty was a Roman family that rose to eminence in the waning days of the Roman Empire, including seven emperors related by blood, beginning with Theodosius I (379) to the mid-fifth century. Descendants to the house can be traced to Anicia Juliana (died 528) and her granddaughter, Proba, who married a consul of the Ostragothic Kingdom in 525.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Roman-British Empire

Definition: The Carausian Revolt (AD 286–296) was an episode in Roman history, during which a Roman naval commander, Carausius, declared himself emperor over Britain and northern Gaul. His Gallic territories were retaken by the western Caesar Constantius Chlorus in 293, after which Carausius was assassinated by his subordinate Allectus. Britain was regained by Constantius and his subordinate Asclepiodotus in 296.
Type: Organization, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Palmyrene Empire

Definition: The Palmyrene Empire was a short-lived splinter state of the Roman Empire resulting from the Crisis of the Third Century. Named after its capital and largest city, Palmyra, it encompassed the Roman provinces of Syria Palaestina, Arabia Petraea, and Egypt, as well as large parts of Asia Minor. It was ruled by Zenobia.
Type: Organization, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Gallic Empire

Definition: The Gallic Empire or the Gallic Roman Empire are names used in modern historiography for a breakaway part of the Roman Empire that functioned de facto as a separate state from 260 to 274, established by Postumus.
Type: Organization, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Constantinian Dynasty

Definition: The Constantinian dynasty is an informal name for the ruling family of the Roman Empire from Constantius Chlorus (died 306) to the death of Julian in 363. It is named after its most famous member, Constantine the Great, who became the sole ruler of the empire in 324.
Type: Family, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Marcia Euphemia

Definition: Marcia Euphemia (also known as Aelia Marcia Euphemia) was the wife of Anthemius, Western Roman Emperor.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Antinous

Definition: Antinous was a Greek youth from Bithynia and a favourite and lover of the Roman emperor Hadrian. Following his premature death before his 20th birthday, Antinous was deified on Hadrian's orders, being worshipped in both the Greek East and Latin West, sometimes as a god and sometimes merely as a hero.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Fulvia

Definition: Fulvia was an aristocratic Roman woman who lived during the Late Roman Republic. Fulvia's birth into an important political dynasty facilitated her relationships and, later on, marriages to Publius Clodius Pulcher, Gaius Scribonius Curio, and Mark Antony.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Aelia Zenonis

Definition: Aelia Zenonis was Eastern Roman empress as the wife of Basiliscus. Her ancestry is unknown.
Type: Person, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Tarraconensis

Definition: This concept reflects the historical region of Tarraconensis in Hispania, roughly corresponding the spatial extent of a Roman province of the same name.
Type: Region, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

Boeotarch

Definition: Boeotarch was the title of the chief officers of the Boeotian Confederacy. The function of the Boeotarchs were roughly equivalent to that of the Athenian strategos, acting as both political leaders and generals in battle. The most famous individuals to hold the office were Epaminondas and Pelopidas, who led Thebes to hegemonic status over Greece in the middle of the 4th century BC.
Type: Role, Concept
Concept Scheme: http://nomisma.org/id/

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