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8201 to 8300 of 8782 total results.

Licinia Eudoxia

Definition
Daughter of the Roman emperor Theodosius II. Her husbands included the Western Roman Emperors Valentinian III and Petronius Maximus.
Type
Person, Concept

Sebastianus

Definition
Sebastianus (died 413), a brother of Jovinus, was an aristocrat of southern Gaul. After Jovinus usurped the throne of the western Roman Emperor Honorius in Gaul in 411, he named Sebastianus as Augustus (co-emperor) in 412.
Type
Person, Concept

Jovinus

Definition
Jovinus was a Gallo-Roman senator and claimed to be Roman Emperor (411–413 AD) and co-ruled Gaul with his brother, Sebastianus.
Type
Person, Concept

Aelia Verina

Definition
Wife of the Roman emperor Leo I.
Type
Person, Concept

Petronius Maximus

Definition
Anicius Petronius Maximus (c. 397 – 31 May 455) was Roman emperor of the West for two and a half months in 455. His wife was Licinia Eudoxia, the daughter of Theodosius II, making him a Theodosian dynast by marriage.
Type
Person, Concept

Zeno

Definition
Flavius Zeno, originally named Tarasis Kodisa Rousombladadiotes, was Eastern Roman Emperor from 474 to 475 and again from 476 to 491.
Type
Person, Concept

Majorian

Definition
Majorian (Julius Valerius Maiorianus) was the western Roman emperor from 457 to 461. A prominent general of the Roman army, Majorian deposed Emperor Avitus in 457 and succeeded him.
Type
Person, Concept

Libius Severus

Definition
Libius Severus (c. 420 – 15 August 465), also Severus III, was Roman emperor of the West from 461 to his death in 465.
Type
Person, Concept

Avitus

Definition
Marcus Maecilius Flavius Eparchius Avitus was Roman emperor of the West from 8, 9 or 10 July 455 to 17 October 456.
Type
Person, Concept

Anthemius

Definition
Procopius Anthemius was Western Roman emperor from 467 to 472.
Type
Person, Concept

Marcia Euphemia

Definition
Marcia Euphemia (also known as Aelia Marcia Euphemia) was the wife of Anthemius, Western Roman Emperor.
Type
Person, Concept

Aelia Ariadne

Definition
Wife of the Roman emperor Zeno and Anastasius I.
Type
Person, Concept

Leontius

Definition
Leontius was a general of the Eastern Roman Empire and claimant to the throne who led a rebellion against emperor Zeno in 484–488.
Type
Person, Concept

Romulus Augustulus

Definition
Flavius Romulus Augustus, known derisively and historiographically as Romulus Augustulus, was Roman emperor of the West from 31 October 475 until 4 September 476. He is often described as the last Western Roman emperor, though some historians consider this to be Julius Nepos.
Type
Person, Concept

Julius Nepos

Definition
Julius Nepos (c. AD 430 – 480) was de jure and de facto Roman emperor of the West from 474 to 475 and then only de jure until his death in 480.
Type
Person, Concept

Odoacer

Definition
Flavius Odoacer (or Odovacer) was a Germanic soldier, who became the first King of Italy (476-493). He deposed Romulus Augustulus and established a client state to the Zeno of the Eastern Roman Empire.
Type
Person, Concept

Olybrius

Definition
Anicius Olybrius was Western Roman emperor from April or May 472 until his death later that same year; his rule was not recognised as legitimate by the Eastern Roman Empire. His marriage to Placidia, the daughter of Valentian III and Licinia Eudoxia, makes him a Theodosian dynast by marriage.
Type
Person, Concept

Basiliscus

Definition
Flavius Basiliscus was Eastern Roman Emperor from 475 to 476. A member of the House of Leo, he came to power when Emperor Zeno was forced out of Constantinople by a revolt.
Type
Person, Concept

Glycerius

Definition
Glycerius was Roman emperor of the West from 473 to 474.
Type
Person, Concept

Flavius Marcus

Definition
The Roman emperor Flavius Marcus, son of the emperor Basiliscus. He ruled as co-emperor with his father until Zeno was restored to the thrown in the Eastern Roman Empire.
Type
Person, Concept

Aelia Zenonis

Definition
Aelia Zenonis was Eastern Roman empress as the wife of Basiliscus. Her ancestry is unknown.
Type
Person, Concept

Tetricus II

Definition
Caius Pius Esuvius Tetricus (also seen as Gaius Pius Esuvius Tetricus but better known in English as Tetricus II) was the son of Tetricus I, Emperor of the Gallic Empire (270-274).
Type
Person, Concept

Marcus Atilius Regulus

Definition
A Roman statesman and general who was active and died during the First Punic War. He is represented on modern European medals.
Type
Person, Concept

Titus Quinctius Flamininus

Definition
Titus Quinctius Flamininus (c. 229 BC – c. 174 BC) was a Roman politician and general instrumental in the Roman conquest of Greece. Consul 198 BC. He is represented on modern European medals.
Type
Person, Concept

Cnaeus Marcius Coriolanus

Definition
A Roman general of the 5th century BC of doubtful historical authenticity. He is represented on modern European medals.
Type
Person, Concept

Titus Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus

Definition
Roman Republican politician and general of the 4th century BC, he was consul and dictator on several occasions. He is represented on modern European medals.
Type
Person, Concept

Celsus

Definition
Titus Cornelius Celsus is a fictitious usurper during the reign of the Roman emperor Gallienus. See SHA, Tyr. trig. 29. He is represented on modern European medals. This ID is not to be used as an authority for actual Roman coins!
Type
Person, Concept

House of Chalon-Arlay

Definition
The House of Chalon-Arlay was a French noble house, a cadet branch of the House of Ivrea and one of the three branches of the House of Chalon. The founder of the house is John I of Chalon-Arlay, fifth son of John, Count of Chalon. When John III lord of Arlay married to Mary de Baux, princess of Orange, the House acquired the principality of Orange. John of Chalon-Arlay, son of John I, was Bishop of Basel from 1325 to 1328 and Bishop of Langres from 1328 to 1335.
Type
Family, Concept

Boeotarch

Definition
Boeotarch was the title of the chief officers of the Boeotian Confederacy. The function of the Boeotarchs were roughly equivalent to that of the Athenian strategos, acting as both political leaders and generals in battle. The most famous individuals to hold the office were Epaminondas and Pelopidas, who led Thebes to hegemonic status over Greece in the middle of the 4th century BC.
Type
Role, Concept

Lucius Aelianus

Definition
A fictional Roman usurper portrayed on modern medals. Presumably a mistaken identification of the Gallic Emperor Laelianus.
Type
Person, Concept

Tarraconensis

Definition
This concept reflects the historical region of Tarraconensis in Hispania, roughly corresponding the spatial extent of a Roman province of the same name.
Type
Region, Concept

Ferdinand I

Definition
Ferdinand I (10 March 1503 Alcalá de Henares - 25 July 1564 Vienna) was the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1556 to 1564. He became Archduke of Austria in 1521, King of Croatia, Bohemia, and Hungary in 1526, and King of the Romans in 1531.
Type
Person, Concept

House of Habsburg

Definition
The House of Habsburg, also known as the House of Austria, is one of the most prominent and important dynasties in European history. It takes its name from Habsburg Castle, a fortress built in the 1020s in present-day Switzerland by Radbot of Klettgau, who named his fortress Habsburg. His grandson Otto II was the first to take the fortress name as his own, adding "Count of Habsburg" to his title. In 1273, Count Radbot's seventh-generation descendant, Rudolph of Habsburg, was elected King of the Romans. Taking advantage of the extinction of the Babenbergs and of his victory over Ottokar II of Bohemia at the battle on the Marchfeld in 1278, he appointed his sons as Dukes of Austria and moved the family's power base to Vienna, where the Habsburg dynasty gained the name of "House of Austria" and ruled until 1918.
Type
Family, Concept

Józef Majnert

Definition
Józef Majnert (1813-1879) was a Polish medalist, engraver, and an employee of the Warsaw state mint. He is also known as a counterfeiter. Lit.: J. Strzałkowski, Słownik medalierów. Warszawa (1982) p. 80.
Type
Person, Concept

Gotfryd Majnert

Definition
Gotfryd Majnert (1767-1847) was a Polish medalist, engraver, and an employee of the Warsaw state mint. Lit.: J. Strzałkowski, Słownik medalierów. Warszawa (1982) p. 80.
Type
Person, Concept

Habsburg-Laufenburg

Definition
In the years between 1232 and 1234, a division of property and administration took place between the brothers Albrecht IV of Habsburg (continuing the older lineage) and Rudolf III of Habsburg (the founder of Habsburg-Laufenburg). The Habsburg-Laufenburg possessions were located in the Frickgau with its seat at Laufenburg Castle, in the Albgau with Hauenstein Castle, in the Aargau with Stein Castle, as well as in Obwalden, eastern Switzerland and in the county of Klettgau.
Type
Family, Concept

Jan Nepomucen Langer

Definition
Jan Langer (1838-1876) was a Polish medalist and engraver. Active in Krakow. Lit.: J. Strzałkowski, Słownik medalierów. Warszawa (1982) p. 73.
Type
Person, Concept

Tournesion

Definition
Palaiologan billon or copper denomination (plural tournesia) struck on the weight and model of the denier tournois that circulated in Frankish Greece at the time. Compare Lit.: Ph. Grierson, Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and the Whittemore Collection V (1999) pp. 31-32, 51-52.
Type
Denomination, Concept

obole

Definition
Medieval and modern denomination with the value of obole, issued in the French speaking area. For the ancient greek denomination, seee the ID obol. For the overarching medieval and modern concept, see medieval_obol.
Type
Denomination, Concept

Salzburg Museum

Definition
Numismatic collection: At the museum’s founding in 1834, the coins and medals of the former independent archiepiscopal foundation of Salzburg were an important part not only of the collection but also of the presentation. The collection grew at a significant rate in the following decades. Its development was especially encouraged by the fact that several curators were simultaneously the foremost numismatists in Salzburg at that time. Above all Karl Roll (1850–1934) made an important contribution to it – the City of Salzburg has even named a street after him. The purchase of the Roll Collection ultimately made the museum collection the most comprehensive of its kind. The inventory suffered a grave and irreplaceable loss shortly after the end of the Second World War. After American soldiers transported the holdings to Hallein in 1945 – they had been salvaged in Dürrnberg – almost half the total inventory of Salzburg coins and medals went missing, among them nearly all rare and unique objects. Since then, a number of important pieces have been bought back. The heart of the collection consists in the Salzburg coins and medals. Coins were minted from the tenth century until 1810 with only few interruptions in Salzburg and several other cities and towns of the archiepiscopal foundation. In the Middle Ages and the sixteenth century, the coins minted here – contingent to the rich precious metal deposits in the Salzburg region – wielded great economic influence far beyond Salzburg. In the Early Modern Age important artists and dye cutters literally "put their stamp” on the appearance of the Salzburg coins and medals. The collection contains an extensive inventory of banknotes and paper money. A focus here is put on the local emergency issue of money after the First World War, some of which was designed by well-known artists, such as Anton Faistauer. More then 500 seal stamps show a spectrum of archiepiscopal seals since the eleventh century, from Salzburg guild seals to those of greatly diverse Salzburg institutions and persons. These are joined by original and later seal impressions and seal marks usual to the nineteenth century. Worthy of mention here from the orders, distinctions of honour and insignia are the insignia of the Salzburg Ruperti Order of Knights, the Chapter Cross of the Salzburg Cathedral Chapter and a great number of Tuscan orders, which the museum received from the Habsburg-Tuscany dynasty. Moreover, the Salzburg Museum also houses the most comprehensive medieval treasury of coins in Austria. In 1978, more than 28,000 silver coins were discovered in the house on Judengasse 10.
Type
Collection, Concept

Römisch-Germanisches Museum Köln

Definition
The Romano-Germanic Museum in Cologne was opened in 1974 on the former site of a Roman urban villa just to the south of the cathedral. It was the result of the fusion of two collections owned by the City of Cologne: the Roman collection that, since 1935, had formed the Roman and Germanic Departments of the Wallraf-Richartz Museum, and the collection of the Prehistoric Museum, known since 1926 as the Museum of Prehistory and Early History.
Type
Collection, Concept

Theodora

Definition
The wife of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I.
Type
Person, Concept

Mauricius Tiberius

Definition
The Byzantine emperor Maurice.
Type
Person, Concept

Phocas

Definition
The Byzantine emperor Phocas.
Type
Person, Concept

1/2 taler

Definition
Denomination with the value of 1/2 taler, issued in the German speaking area. For the overarching concept, see half-taler.
Type
Denomination, Concept

obol

Definition
Medieval denomination with the value of obol, issued in the German speaking area. For the overarching medieval and modern concept of obol, see medieval_obol. For the ancient greek denomination see obol.
Type
Denomination, Concept

obol

Definition
Medieval denomination with the value of obol, issued in the English speaking area. For the overarching medieval concept of obol, see medieval_obol. For the ancient greek denomination see obol.
Type
Denomination, Concept

18 solidi

Definition
Roman denomination equivalent in value to 18 solidi.
Type
Denomination, Concept

Münzkabinett Berlin

Definition
The Münzkabinett of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin is one of the largest Numismatic Collections in the world. The area covered by its holdings reaches from the beginning of coinage in the 7th century B.C. to 21st century Euros, its geographical scope from Finland to South Africa, from Berlin to Buenos Aires. In addition to more than 540,000 items (coins, medals, notes, tokens) the Cabinet also holds sealings, dies, and historical minting tools. The Numismatic Collection equally is maintaining its exhibitions duties and, being an archive of money, its role as a centre of numismatic research and study.
Type
Collection, Concept

Akademisches Kunstmuseum Bonn

Definition
The University of Bonn was founded in 1818. Only one year later, the University bought the well known coin collection of Canonicus Franz Pick (1750-1819) in a public auction, held the 27th August 1819. The collection consisted of five gold, 500 silver and more than 2000 bronze coins. Over decades F. Pick had collected objects of art, especially antiques and Roman coins, coming from hoards in the north of Bonn, the region of the former roman legion camp. The first director of the "Akademisches Kunstmuseum" (AKM) of the University, F.G. Welcker, augmented the collection in the following decades, also by buying coins found in and around Bonn. Later coin hoards came to the "Museum Rheinscher Alterthümer", wich was established in 1822, the predecessor of the "Rheinsches Landesmuseum Bonn". The first catalogue of the coin collection of the "Akademisches Kunstmuseum", written in 1836, assembled, more than 6,000 coins. These coins are still the essential part of the actual coin collection of the AKM. This collection – together with Greek coins, donated in the beginning of the last century, und some new acqusitions – was taken 2010 in a digital database and is therefore now open for the students of the University as well as for extern visitors.
Type
Collection, Concept

Dirham

Definition
Islamic silver denomination equivalent in value to a dirham.
Type
Denomination, Concept

Maia

Definition
In ancient Roman religion and myth, Maia embodied the concept of growth. She is the daughter of Atlas, and the eldest of the Pleiades.
Type
Deity, Concept

Iltirkesken

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Iltirkesken Hispania Citerior.
Type
Mint, Concept

Juventas

Definition
Juventas, also known as Iuventus or Juventus (Greek equivalent: Hebe), was the ancient Roman goddess whose sphere of tutelage was youth and rejuvenation.
Type
Deity, Concept

Double Follis

Definition
A Byzantine bronze denomination issued in Cherson under Constans II, and identified by W. Hahn, MIB III (1981) pp. 147, 254 no. 227 as representing a double follis.
Type
Denomination, Concept

light Dinar

Definition
Term to describe a gold denomination of slightly lighter weight than the standard gold unit in Islamic, Sasanian, and Kushan numismatics.
Type
Denomination, Concept

Mainz

Definition
The mint(s) at the ancient site of Mogontiacum in Germania, the Medieval and modern city of Mainz, now capital of the National State of Rhineland-Palatinate (German: Rheinland-Pfalz), Germany.
Type
Mint, Concept

Ambianum

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Ambianum in Gaul.
Type
Mint, Concept

Aquileia

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Aquileia in Italy.
Type
Mint, Concept

Arelate

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Arelate in Gaul.
Type
Mint, Concept

Gaius Gallonius Fronto

Definition
Legatus augusti pro praetore provinciae Thraciae under Antoninus Pius during AD 150ies. He appears with his title of Hegemon on coins of Philippopolis. Lit.: B. E. Thomasson, Laterculi Praesidum I (1984) 166 no. 24; ibid. Addenda (2011) no. 22:024; PIR² G 50.
Type
Person, Concept

Londinium

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Londinium in Britannia.
Type
Mint, Concept

Gallia Cisalpina

Definition
The region of Gallia Cisalpina as defined in Head (1911)
Type
Region, Concept

Gallia Transalpina

Definition
The region of Gallia Transalpina as defined in Head (1911)
Type
Region, Concept

Rhine

Definition
Also known as Rhenus, the Roman personification of the Rhine River.
Type
Deity, Concept

Cologne

Definition
The mint(s) at the ancient site of Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium in Germania, the Medieval and modern City of Cologne (Köln), now North Rhine-Westphalia (German: Nordrhein-Westfalen), Germany.
Type
Mint, Concept

Constantinople

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Constantinople in Thrace.
Type
Mint, Concept

Caesaraugusta

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Caesaraugusta in Hispania Citerior.
Type
Mint, Concept

Emerita

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Emerita in Hispania Ulterior.
Type
Mint, Concept

Lugdunum

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Lugdunum in Gaul.
Type
Mint, Concept

Camulodunum

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Camulodunum in Britain.
Type
Mint, Concept

Arelate comitatensian mint

Definition
The comitatensian mint at the ancient city of Arelate in Gaul.
Type
Mint, Concept

Carnuntum

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Carnuntum in Pannonia.
Type
Mint, Concept

Nemausus

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Nemausus in Gaul.
Type
Mint, Concept

Ravenna

Definition
The mint at the city of Ravenna in Emilia-Romagna.
Type
Mint, Concept

Rotomagus

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Rotomagus in Gallia Lugdunensis.
Type
Mint, Concept

Narbo

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Narbo in Gallia Narbonensis.
Type
Mint, Concept

Ravenna comitatensian mint

Definition
The comitatensian mint at the city of Ravenna in Emilia-Romagna.
Type
Mint, Concept

Ostia

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Ostia in Latium.
Type
Mint, Concept

Nicaea (Gallia)

Definition
The Late Roman mint at the site of the city of Nicaea (Nice) in Gaul
Type
Mint, Concept

Pincum

Definition
Pincum was a Roman town located in Upper Moesia
Type
Mint, Concept

Mediolanum

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Mediolanum (Milan) in Italy.
Type
Mint, Concept

Trier

Definition
The mint(s) at the ancient site of Treveri in Gallia Belgica, the Medieval and modern city of Trier, National State of Rhineland-Palatinate (German: Rheinland-Pfalz), Germany.
Type
Mint, Concept

Tarraco

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Tarraco in Hispania Citerior.
Type
Mint, Concept

Pannonia

Definition
Pannonia was an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia.
Type
Region, Concept

Noricum

Definition
Noricum, within the context of ancient history, is the Latin name for a Celtic kingdom, or federation of twelve tribes, including most of modern Austria and part of Slovenia. It became a province of the Roman Empire.
Type
Region, Concept

Siscia

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Siscia in Pannonia.
Type
Mint, Concept

Sirmium

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Sirmium in Pannonia.
Type
Mint, Concept

Moesia

Definition
The historical region and later Roman province of Moesia in the Balkans.
Type
Region, Concept

Vindobona

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Vindobona in Pannonia.
Type
Mint, Concept

Ticinum

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Ticinum in Gallia Transpadana.
Type
Mint, Concept

Arta

Definition
The late Byzantine and medieval mint at the site of Arta in Epirus. Situated at the site of the Greek settlement of Ambrakia, it is for the first time attested as Arta in 1082. The first minting period was for the Byzantine rulers of Epiros, who issued excessively rare silver coins there after 1204, and more plentiful billon coins between ca. 1236 and 1249, or a little bit later. Nearly a century later, the mint of Arta issued deniers tournois for John II Orsini for most of his reign in Epiros (1323-1336 or 1337) (literature: Travaini 2011, pp. 1277-1278; Baker 2021, pp. 1240-1243, 1250-1252, 1466-1476, and passim).
Type
Mint, Concept

Empire of Nicaea

Definition
The Empire of Nicaea was a Byzantine rump state, which existed from 1204 to 1261.
Type
Organization, Concept

Germania

Definition
Germania, also called Magna Germania (English: Great Germania), Germania Libera (English: Free Germania), or Germanic Barbaricum to distinguish it from the Roman province of the same name, was a historical region in north-central Europe during the Roman era, which was associated by Roman authors with the Germanic people. The region stretched roughly from the Middle and Lower Rhine in the west to the Vistula in the east. It also extended at some point as far south as the Upper and Middle Danube and Pannonia, and to the known parts of southern Scandinavia in the north (this being linked to Germanic Migration Period).
Type
Region, Concept

Theodore II Laskaris

Definition
The emperor of Nicaea Theodore II Laskaris.
Type
Person, Concept

Theodore I Laskaris

Definition
The first emperor of Nicaea Theodore I Laskaris.
Type
Person, Concept

Dalmatia

Definition
Dalmatia is a historical region of Croatia on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea.
Type
Region, Concept

Asia Minor

Definition
The ancient region of Asia Minor as defined without explicit reference to an external authority.
Type
Region, Concept

Colonia Patricia

Definition
The mint at the ancient site of Colonia Patricia in Hispania Ulterior, and later, the Roman province of Baetica.
Type
Mint, Concept

Dardania

Definition
A region situated in Upper Moesia, bordering Macedonia.
Type
Region, Concept
8201 to 8300 of 8782 total results.