In Leiden (province of South Holland, the Netherlands), coins were minted in the Middle Ages (around 1060) and during the
Eighty Years' War (1573-1574). In Leiden, medals were also produced, among others by the Smeltzing family and by the Rijnlandse
Kunstgieterij. In 1795, receipts were issued, and in 1914, paper emergency banknotes for the Royal Dutch Heavy Metalworking
Company (Koninklijke Nederlandsche Grofsmederij).