Groningen (Province, Netherlands) The province developed from three historical components: the autonomous city of Groningen
(with Gorecht and Oldambt), the Frisian Ommelanden (Fivelgo, Hunsingo, Westerkwartier), and Westerwolde (a former Generality
territory). Across this area, minting was conducted by various authorities: Bishops of Utrecht minted denarii at Groningen
in the 11th century. Possible 11th-c. issues at Hunsingo (MERE CIVITAS). Counts of Frisia (Brunswick) struck coins at Winsum
and nearby sites. Lords of Selwerd minted c.1310–1350. Frisian chieftains issued gros tournois imitations in the 14th century.
City of Groningen struck coins c.1350–1694 and also produced medals. Estates of the Ommelanden minted at Appingedam from 1579.
Estates of Friesland issued at Reiderschans (1591–1594). Province of Groningen and the Ommelanden operated a mint 1673–1692,
later outsourcing in the 18th century. Province of Groningen issued emergency paper money in 1940.
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